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Principles of Ecology - Understanding Interactions Between Organisms and their Environment

Explore the fundamentals of ecology, including the study of biotic and abiotic factors, levels of biological organization, biodiversity, niches and habitats. Discover how changes in these factors can impact ecosystems and the role of keystone species.

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Principles of Ecology - Understanding Interactions Between Organisms and their Environment

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  1. Principles of Ecology HeadingVocabulary Important Info Chapters 2, 3, 4, & 5

  2. A. What is Ecology? B. Biotic vs. Abiotic Factors • Biosphere– portion of the Earthsupporting life • Biotic factors • a. All organisms inhabiting the environment • b. The “living” things in the environment • c. Each organism adapts to its part of the biosphere • Abiotic factors • a. Nonlivingparts of the environment • b. Can determine which species will survive • examples: rainfall, temperature, light, soil Ecology is the study of interactionsbetween organisms and their environment.

  3. Abiotic Factors Biotic Factors ECOSYSTEM

  4. Abiotic or Biotic? 1 2 3 4 5 6 www.stock-photography.co.za/stock%20photograp... www.tworiversmarina.com/Mississippi%20River%2...

  5. C. Levels of Biological Organization • Organism/Species: group of organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring. • Populations a. A group of organisms of the same species living together b. Must compete for resources • Community a. Several populations that interact b. Changes in one population will cause changes in the others • Ecosystem a. Interactions between populations and their surroundings b. 2 main types: 1. Terrestrial – land 2. Aquatic – fresh or salt water

  6. keystone • A keystone species is a species that has an unusually large effect on its ecosystem.

  7. Levels of Biological Organization

  8. Changing one factor in an ecosystem can affect many other factors. • Biodiversity is the assortment, or variety, of living things in an ecosystem. • In general, where do we find more biodiversity?

  9. D. Niche vs. Habitat • Niche • The rolean organismplays in the environment (Its “job” in the community) • Habitat • Place where an organism lives Three Species of Warblers and their niches Cape May Warbler Feeds at the tips of branches near the top of the tree Bay-Breasted Warbler Feeds in the middle part of the tree Yellow-Rumped Warbler Feeds in the lower part of the tree and at the bases of the middle branches Spruce tree

  10. Earthworm Example • Habitat of the earthworm: in the soil. • Niche: To aerate( add air to or oxygenate) the soil.

  11. Formative Assessment Ch. 13 Section 2- p. 380 • Select an ecosystem that is familiar to you and describe the biotic and abiotic factors that exist there. • Biotic- living factors • Abiotic- non-living factors

  12. 2. How would the removal of a keystone species affect an ecosystem’s biodiversity? • Increase or decrease? • DECREASE!

  13. 3. Explain how a change in an abiotic factor such as sunlight would affect biodiversity. • Change in temp • change in numbers and types of species in an ecosystem  new species may move into area taking the place of those that can’t survive

  14. 4. Humans are sometimes described as being a keystone species, does this label fit? Why or why not? • Keystone species help establish and maintain complex web of life • Humans DON’T fit b/c human activities often decrease or harm biodiversity

  15. 5. What role might an abiotic factor such as temperature play in the evolution of a species? • Long-term temp. change= selective pressure that selects which individuals? • Best adapted to the changed temp will survive. • Temp could affect food available creating another selective pressure.

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