Biogeochemical Cycles

1. Biogeochemical Cycles

2. Water Cycle • Defined: Movement of water through the atmosphere • 75% of the earth is water • 99% of water undrinkable (salty & frozen) • Water recycles over and over

3. How Does Water Go Up? • Water rises into the atmosphere in two ways: • Evaporation: Heat changes water from a liquid to a gas • Transpiration: Water evaporates from the leaves of plants through openings called stomata

4. How Does Water Come Down? • Warm, moist air rises and eventually cools • Condensation: process where water vapor turns into a liquid • Rain, snow, sleet, or hail falls when water drops become heavy (Precipitation)

7. Runoff: Water runs down hill into rivers, lakes, streams, oceans… Infiltration: Water soaks into the soil and collects as groundwater Process repeats Water on the Ground

8. Animation ChallengeWhose water cycle animation is better?Some guy on the Internet???OrMr. Kobe’s??

9. Animation #1 Water evaporates and rises

10. Animation #1 Condensation: Clouds forms

11. Animation #1 Precipitation: Water falls(rain, snow, sleet, or hail)

12. Animation #1 Runoff: Water runs downhill

13. Animation #1 Infiltration: Water soaks into the soil

14. Animation #1 Cycle Repeats!

15. Animation #2 The Hydrologic Cycle transpiration evaporation

16. Animation #2 The Hydrologic Cycle condensation

17. Animation #2 The Hydrologic Cycle precipitation

18. Animation #2 The Hydrologic Cycle RUNOFF INFILTRATION

19. Animation #2 The Hydrologic Cycle transpiration evaporation

20. Oxygen Cycle • Autotrophs: Release O2 into atmosphere via photosynthesis • All life: Absorbs O2 to be used during cellular respiration • Respiration: creates ATP energy for cells O2 O2

21. Carbon Cycle CO2 • Carbon = (organic molecules) carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids • Plants & autotrophs: • Intake: Absorb CO2 from atmosphere • Create glucose & sugar via photosynthesis • Output: Release CO2 during respiration CO2

22. Carbon Cycle • Consumers • Intake: Carbon moves up the food chain as 1 feeds on another • Output: Release CO2 during respiration CO2 C CO2 C

23. Carbon Cycle • Decomposers • Input: Feed on dead organic matter • Output: Release CO2 during respiration • Output: Organic molecules returned to soil during decomposition C C C

24. Carbon Cycle • Human Industry • Output: Release CO2 into atmosphere when fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas) are burned CO2

25. Nitrogen Cycle N2 • N = 78% atmosphere (most unusable) • Soil Bacteria • Nitrogen fixation: convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia • Nitrification: ammonia converted into nitrates Ammonia Nitrates

26. Nitrogen Cycle • Plants • Absorb nitrates through their roots Nitrates

27. Nitrogen Cycle • Animals • Ingest nitrates through the food chain (plants eaten) Nitrates

28. Nitrogen Cycle • Decomposers • Return ammonia to soil by feeding on dead matter Ammonia Ammonia Ammonia

29. Nitrogen Cycle • Lightning • Energy breaks atmospheric nitrogen into Nitrogen oxide • Nitrogen oxide falls in rain to soil

30. Phosphorus (P) Cycle • No phosphorus in atmosphere • Rocks • Phosphorus released by weathering of rocks P P

31. Phosphorus (P) Cycle • Plants • Absorb P into their roots P

32. Phosphorus (P) Cycle • Animals • Ingest P when plants eaten • P continues to move up food chain P

33. Phosphorus (P) Cycle • Decomposers • Breakdown dead matter and release P into soil P P

34. P Phosphorus (P) Cycle P P P • Human Contribution • Adding excess P from fertilizers • P washes into lakes, etc… • Excess P causes extreme algae growth P P