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HOW WELL DO YOU KNOW THE CELL?

Explore the fundamental components and functions of cells, including the nucleus, cytoskeleton, plasma membrane, and various organelles. Uncover the secrets of cell division, protein synthesis, cellular respiration, and more.

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HOW WELL DO YOU KNOW THE CELL?

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  1. HOW WELL DO YOU KNOWTHE CELL?

  2. NUCLEUS • Contains DNA – genetic material of the cell • 2 membranes surrounding it, the envelope/membrane • Controls all of the cell’s activities – including information needed to make proteins

  3. CYTOSKELETON • Network of thin tubes in the cytosol • Maintain a cell’s shape, & act as tracks that guide organelles and molecules as they move through the cell

  4. PLASMA (CELL) MEMBRANE • Covers cell surface • Determines what enters or exits the cell – selectively permeable

  5. PROKARYOTE • Cell that lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles • Bacteria and Archea

  6. HOOKE • First person to identify and name cells – coined the term “cell”

  7. ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER) • Transports materials within the cell • has ribosomes attached • produces phospholipids and proteins

  8. GOLGI APPARATUS • Stacks of flattened, membranous sacs • Many proteins and lipids pass from ER to here for final modifications; • Like a POST OFFICE - modifies, packages and secretes various molecules

  9. LYSOSOMES • Contain digestive enzymes to break down large molecules as well as non-functioning cell parts and cells • Small, membrane-bound organelles formed by Golgi complex

  10. LEEUWENHOEK • Looked at living cells in pond water; invented first mini-microscope

  11. Used in cell division Seen in animal cells CENTRIOLES

  12. RIBOSOMES • Site of protein synthesis • Can be free (in cytoplasm) or bound (attached to ER) • Produced in nucleolus • Made of RNA and proteins

  13. SMOOTH ER • Transports materials within and out of the cell • Functions in lipid synthesis ex. cholesterol • No ribosomes attached

  14. EUKARYOTES • Type of cell with a true nucleus and membrane bound organelles • Plant, protists, animal and fungi

  15. MITOCHONRDRIA • Transfer energy from organic molecules (like glucose) to ATP (cellular energy) during the process of CELLULAR RESPIRATION • Muscle cells have lots of these • Nicknamed the POWERHOUSE • Inner folds called cristae to increase surface area

  16. PLANT CELL • Type of cell with a cell wall, chloroplasts and a large central vacuole

  17. VIRCHOW • Stated cells come from the division of preexisting cells

  18. CELL WALL • Made of cellulose • Protects, prevents excess H2O uptake, maintains shape of plant cell

  19. ANIMAL CELL • Type of cell with lysosomes and centrioles • Lack a cell wall • YOU ARE MADE OF THESE CELLS

  20. CHLOROPLASTS • Use light energy to make carbohydrates from CO2 and H2O • Contains chlorophyll • Responsible for PHOTOSYNTHESIS

  21. CENTRAL VACUOLE • Stores water, enzymes, wastes, and other materials • Largest organelle in a plant cell

  22. SCHLEIDEN • Stated all plants are made of cells

  23. THE CELL THEORY • All living things are composed of cells • Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things • All cells come from preexisting cells

  24. SCHWANN • Stated all animals are made of cells

  25. CYTOPLASM • Jelly-like material found between the cell membrane and the nucleus • Contains the organelles of the cell

  26. NUCLEOLUS • Found inside of the nucleus • Makes ribosomes

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