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ERGONOMIC & ACCIDENT

ERGONOMIC & ACCIDENT. Dr. Ardini S Raksanagara,dr.,MPH. Public Health Department Faculty of Medicine. SPECIFIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES. The student will be able : to recognize accident in the workplace environment (C2) to understand ergonomic term (C3). References.

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ERGONOMIC & ACCIDENT

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  1. ERGONOMIC & ACCIDENT Dr. Ardini S Raksanagara,dr.,MPH. Public Health Department Faculty of Medicine

  2. SPECIFIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES The student will be able : • to recognize accident in the workplace environment (C2) • to understand ergonomic term (C3)

  3. References • Levy & Wegman, Occupational Health, Recognizing and Preventing Work Related Disease. Third Edition. Little Broan and Company, Boston / NewYork/Toronto/London,2006. Chapter : 11, 22 • Joseph LaDou J, ed. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 2nd edition. Stamford: Appleton & Lange, 2004.Chapter : 12 • Rosenstock, Textbook of Clinical Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Second Edition, Saunders, 2005. Chapter : 31

  4. Introduction • every year, American workers suffer an estimated ·10 million injuries ·30 million separate bouts of illness ·1 million eye injuries ·400,000 fractures ·21,000 amputations ·more than 2 million laceration severe enough to require medical treatment ·20,000 and 75,000 deaths ·2 million disabled

  5. Each day in US an average of 9,000 workers sustain disabling injuries on the job, approximately 16 workers die from workplace injury • In 2000, 29.5 million people were treated for injuries in department in the US • More than 148,000 people hospitalized

  6. Ergonomic • Definition : - the science of designing the workplace and the job to fit the worker - the study and design of the working situation from the standpoint of the worker

  7. Ergonomic • the study of humans at work to understand the complex interrelationships among people, their work environment, job demands and work methods • human factors engineering

  8. Ergonomics • The objective of ergonomics is to provide a satisfactory environment in which the worker can undertake the task required without undue physical or mental strain. • A basic principle of ergonomics is that all work activities cause some level of physical and mental stress.

  9. The example of ergonomic problem : - workers are expected to operate machines with poor control, sited at inappropriate heights or distances, in uncomfortable environment

  10. Ergonomist • Evaluate work demands and the corresponding abilities of people to react and cope

  11. Occupational ergonomist • The goal  is to maintain a safe work environment by designing facilities, furniture, machines, tools, and job demands to be compatible with workers’ attributes, such as size, strength, aerobic capacity • A successful ergonomics program should simultaneously improve health and enhance productivity

  12. The failure to apply ergonomics effectively in the workplace may result in the following losses : ·      Lower production quantity and quality ·      Increased absenteeism and labor turnover ·      Increased accidents and injuries ·      Increased medical and material costs ·      Reduced ability to deal with emergencies

  13. Indicator of Potential ergonomic problems in the workplace : •        Increase in accidents or injuries •        Absenteeism         Turnover of employees •        Poor product quality •       Customer complains •        Increase in overtime •         Presence of cumulative trauma disorder

  14. ACCIDENT

  15. ACCIDENT • An accident is an unanticipated, sudden event that may cause an undesired outcome such as property damage, bodily injury, or death Injury is physical damage to body tissues caused by an accident or by exposure to environmental stressor.

  16. Definition

  17. accidents are caused by • failure of people • equipment • chemicals • the surrounding environment

  18. Accidents result in : • loss of life • pain and suffering • injury lost wages for the injured • property damage (damage to facilities and equipment) • lost production opportunity

  19. THE CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS • difficult to summarize • Many accidents are clearly multi factorial • Some of the more important factors are        - age       - experience         - time of day       - work rate         - type of work        - health of the worker        - industrial relations

  20. Causes of occupational accidents and injury • Human factors • Age, experience, use medicines or drugs, motivation • Environmental factors • Lighting, noise, temperature

  21. There 3 different kinds of the causes accidents 1.Direct causes 2.Indirect causes 3.Root causes

  22. Direct Causes of Accidents 1. Physical and energy sources Mechanical : equipment, tools, moving parts Electrical : poor insulation, high voltage Thermal : conduction, convection, Radiation, heat transfer Noise : intensity : frequency Radiation : ionizing, non ionizing 2. Hazardous material Compressed or liquefied gas Corrosive, flammable, radioactive, or Explosive materials Oxidizers Poisons Dust

  23. Indirect Causes of Accidents Unsafe acts • Failure to use proper PPE • Improper equipment or chemical • Placement • Failure to secure equipment • Making safety devices inoperable • Operating equipment without authority • Operating equipment improperly • Operating defective equipment • Servicing equipment as it operating • Failure to warn personnel • Horseplay • Drugs or alcohol • Smoking in prohibited area • Using an unsafe position

  24. Indirect Causes of Accidents Unsafe operating conditions • Poor housekeeping • Fire and explosion hazards • Hazardous air contaminant • Poor ventilation • Inadequate warning systems • Poor illumination • Defective equipment or tools • Inadequate guards and supports • Electrical power failure • Instrumentation failure • Control valve failure • Equipment failure

  25. Root Causes of Accidents • Safety policy not defined and communicated • Responsibility, authority, and accountability not assigned • Emphasis on production, rather than safety • Lack of direct communication with management • Unsafe design and selection of equipment, chemicals, process, and fatalities • Inadequate safety inspection procedures • Insufficient procedures and safety training for normal and emergency situations • Inadequate employee selection, supervision, and rewards

  26. Prevention • Future accidents can be reduced by eliminating one or more potential causes. • Accident investigations should be conducted whenever there is lost time injury or a fatality.

  27. Accident Prevention 1. Designing a machine : smooth, comfortable, time efficient motions 2. Evaluating the mechanics of human gait to determine forces acting between the floor surface and the sole of the shoe 3. Designing warning sign

  28. Thankyou

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