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Northern Transatlantic Economy and Society 1815-1914

Northern Transatlantic Economy and Society 1815-1914. 25.0 | As stated. 19 th Century Urban Population. Factory workers and urbanization Proletarianization = wage economy; no control over means of production USA argued slave labor negated wage repression Women

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Northern Transatlantic Economy and Society 1815-1914

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  1. Northern Transatlantic Economy and Society 1815-1914 25.0 | As stated

  2. 19th Century Urban Population • Factory workers and urbanization • Proletarianization = wage economy; no control over means of production • USA argued slave labor negated wage repression • Women • High demand in domestic industries • Worked on top of domestic “duties” • Suffrage movement [early 20th century] • Political feminism as byproduct of social efficacy

  3. European Urbanization c. 494% c. 457% c. 638%

  4. New Political/Social Ideologies • Marxist critique of capitalism 1848 • Karl Marx: Bourgeoisie exploitation of labor • Capitalism hurts more than it helps • Communism: society controls the means of production, not businesses • German Social Democrats 1875 • Opposed Bismarck’s militaristic state • Wilhelm I’s administration passes state-sponsored health care, insurance, and disability aid to wean SPD’s influence • British Labour Party • Fabianism [c. 1884] and gradual social change in society [Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus]

  5. Uhh? Russian Bolshevism • The Romanov Dynasty • Abolition of serfdom 1861 • Communism and Vladimir Lenin [f. 1903] • Bolsheviks – “majority” [radical socialists] • Mensheviks – “minority” [moderate socialists] • Russo-Japanese War 1904-5 • Embarrassing loss • 1905 Revolution [St. Petersburg] • The Duma [bicameral] • Issues with corruption • Rasputin and the Tsar

  6. North American Industrialism • Follows European pattern around 1870 • Little prejudice against trade and commerce as in Europe • New industrial elites rise and become political • Shortage of labor meant wages were high[er] • Immigration • America as “promise land” for good wages and cheap land • Unions emerged as in Europe, although these were segregated • Aggressive demands [Pullman Strike 1894 Chicago and Fed troops] • Unlike Europe, no legislation was passed [HC, insurance, et cetera] • Progressives v. Political Machines • Reform and regulation

  7. Modern European Thought • Charles Darwin • The Origin of Species 1859 and Natural Selection • Social “Darwinism” • Physics • X-rays, radiation, atoms, electrons, et cetera • All became the focal point of the science • Morality [c. 1870] • Social upheaval changed perspective • Friedrich Nietzsche: Christianity and democracy promote mediocrity • Psychoanalysis • Sigmund Freud [f. 1897]: sexuality as primal human instinct/drive

  8. Islam • Europeans viewed Islam as incapable of science and new ideas • Jamal al-din Al-Afghani (1839-1897) • Theory on “600 year-younger” Islam • Islam divided on “Westernization” • Ottoman decline seen as sign of religious error What happened?

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