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Development of the Central Nervous System Biomedic Dept. Medical School, Unisba

Development of the Central Nervous System Biomedic Dept. Medical School, Unisba. Origin of Nervous System. CNS-The brain and spinal cord ectoderm  neural epithelium. Proliferation  neural plate  neural groove  neural fold  neural tube.

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Development of the Central Nervous System Biomedic Dept. Medical School, Unisba

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  1. Development of the Central Nervous SystemBiomedic Dept.Medical School, Unisba

  2. Origin of Nervous System • CNS-The brain and spinal cord ectoderm neural epithelium. • Proliferation  neural plate  neural groove  neural fold  neural tube.

  3. Proliferation  neural plate  neural groove  neural fold  neural tube. • Neural Tube  CNS (Brain&spinal cord) • Neural Crest  PNS & ANS(Cranial, spinal, autonomic ganglia) • The rest is neural crest .

  4. Neuralation • Formation of the neural plate and neural tube(22-23 days)region of the fourth to sixth pairs of somite • Two third craniallyfuture brain • One third caudally spinal cord • Fusion of the neural folds  neural canalrostralneuropore (cranial)&caudal neuropore(

  5. 1. Ektoderm • 2. Neural tube bagian dorsal • 3. Neural tube • 4. Neural tube bagian ventral • 5. Notochord

  6. Gen-gen yang berperandalamperkembangan neural tube • A Sensory Neuron • B Viscero sensory neuron/motoric • C Motoric neuron • Gen PAX3/7 berperandalamperkembanganAlar plate • Gen PAX 6 berperandalamperkembangan basal plate • Defisitdari gen inimenyebabkan Syndrome de Waardenburg

  7. Development of The Spinal Cord

  8. Development of The Spinal Cord • 3 concentric zones: • Ependymal/ ventricularlayer (internal) nucleated , mitotic cells • Mantle/intermediate layer (middle)the cell bodies of neuron and neuroglial cells • marginal layer (outer)fibrous mass, processes of nerve cells.

  9. Development of the Spinal Ganglia • Neural crest cellsSpinal ganglia • Peripheral process(dendrit)pass the spinal n. to sensory endings • Central processdorsal roots of spinal nerve • Myelination of nerve fiber oligodendrocyte

  10. Development of spinal meningens • Positional changes of the spinal cord: • The vertebral column and duramater grow more rapidly than the spinal cordpositional spinal cord does not persist • New born(terminate L2/L3)& Adult (inferior L1)

  11. Congenital anomalies of spinal cord

  12. Development of The Brain

  13. 1 Telencephalon2 Diencephalon3 Mesencephalon4 Cerebellum5 pons4+5 Metencephalon6 Myelencephalon(medulla oblongata)7 Spinal cordI ProsencephalonII MesencephalonIII RhombencephalonA Cerebral trunk

  14. Development of brain • Fusion of the neural folds in the cranial region & closure of the rostralneuropore form 3 primary brain vesicles Primitive brain  straight  three point of expansion:Forebrain,Midbrain&Hindbrain • fore brain(prosencephalon) • mid brain(mesencephalon) • hind brain(rhombencephalon).

  15. Fourth week :embryonic brain grows rapidly and bends ventrally with the head fold • Flexure : cephalic/mid brain, cervical, pontine

  16. MYELENCEPHALON • -Most caudal part called medulla oblongata • neuroblast(alar plate) marginal zone  gracili nuclei medially& cuneate nuclei laterally • -Continued into spinal cord. • -Vascular mesenchymechoiroidplexure • .

  17. Neuroblast(basal plate)medial tp lateral: general somatic efferent(hypoglosal nerve), special visceral efferent(innv. Muscle from pharyngeal arches), general visceral afferent(vagus & glossopharyngeal nerve) • Neuroblast(alar plate)1. general visceral afferent(impulses from the viscera) 2. special visceral afferent(taste fibers)3.general somatic aff. (Impulses from the surface of the head) 4. special somatic aff(impulses from the ear)

  18. METENCEPHALON -From isthmus to pontine flexure. -Dorsal: cerebellum -Ventral: pons MESENCEPHALON -Least modified -Overshadowed by fore and hind brains

  19. DIENCEPHALON. -Epithalamus,thalamus,hypothalamus. -Evagination  epiphysis -The wall optic chiasm -Infundibulum hypophysis. TELENCEPHALON -Paired cerebral hemisphere -Three functions  corpus striatum, rhinencephalon and pallium.

  20. Congenital anomalies of brain • Anencephaly (Meroencephaly) • Microcephaly • Hydrocephalus

  21. Cranium • Development of cranium • Cranium develops from mesenchyme around the developing brain. • The cranium consists of:Neurocranium • Viscerocranium

  22. Congenital anomalies of cranium • Cranium bifidum • Acrania • Holo-acrania

  23. Vertebrae • Development of vertebral • Mesenchymal cells are found in three main areas: around the notocord, surrounding the neural tube, and in the body wall • Cartilaginous Stage • Bony stage • Notocord expands to form the gelatinous center of the intervertebral disc -- the nucleus pulposus

  24. Congenital anomalies of vertebrae • Rachischisis • Spina Bifida

  25. Alhamdulillah

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