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Understanding Plant Nutrition and Growth: Essential Nutrients and Soil Composition

Learn about essential plant nutrients and how they impact plant growth, the role of soil composition in determining plant variety, nitrogen fixation processes, plant symbiosis with beneficial bacteria and fungi, and examples of plant parasitism and predation. Watch informative videos to enhance your understanding.

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Understanding Plant Nutrition and Growth: Essential Nutrients and Soil Composition

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  1. Chapter 37 • Plant Nutrition

  2. Nutrients • Essential: not made by the plant but required for the plant life cycle • Macro- (large amounts) carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium • Micro- (small amounts; cofactors of enzyme action) chlorine, iron, boron, manganese, zinc, copper, molybdenum, nickel • Deficiency • chlorosis (lack of magnesium; chlorophyll production) chlorosis

  3. Soil • Determines plant growth & variety (also climate) • Composition/horizons: • •topsoil (rock particles, living organisms, humus = partially decayed organic material) • •loams (equal amounts of sand, silt, and clay)

  4. Nitrogen Fixation • Atmosphere = 80% N2 not available to animals or plants directly. Requires bacteria! • Conversion to: ammonium (NH4+) or nitrate (NO3-) • Bacteria types: Ammonifying (humus decomposition); nitrogen-fixing (atmospheric N2); nitrifying (convert NH4+ to NO3-); denitrifying (convert NO3-to N2) • Nitrogen fixation; crop rotation (cotton soybeans)

  5. Plant symbiosis, I • Rhizobium bacteria (found in root nodules in the legume family) • Mutualistic: legume receives fixed N2; bacteria receives carbohydrates & organic materials

  6. Plant symbiosis, II • Mycorrhizae (fungi); modify plant’s roots • Mutualistic: fungus receives sugar; plant receives increased root surface area and increased phosphate uptake • Two types: ectomycorrhizae • ensheaths the roots • endomycorrhizae • (90% of plants) •through cell wall but not cell membrane http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bq1bTduTzC0

  7. Plant parasitism & predation • Mistletoe(parasite) • Epiphytes - plant uses another plant for support, common in rainforests (commensalism) • Carnivorous plants • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MhcOYgCJK4o&feature=related

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