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IceTop and IceCube. IceTop is the surface component of IceCube. Tom Gaisser. IceCube with IceTop makes a 3-dimensional air shower array. IceTop: Elevation 3000 m.a.s.l. (700 g/cm 2 ) Calibration: pointing; Dq/q; E-deposition
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IceTop and IceCube IceTop is the surface component of IceCube Tom Gaisser
IceCube with IceTop makes a 3-dimensional air shower array IceTop: Elevation 3000 m.a.s.l. (700 g/cm2) • Calibration: pointing; Dq/q; E-deposition • Tag background for tuning reconstruction and rejection algorithms in n-telescope • Cosmic-ray composition with coincident events • Use ratio of Nm in deep ice (Em > 0.4 TeV) to size at surface • Primary energy range: 3 x 1014 – 1018 eV • ‘knee’ to ‘ankle’ = galactic to extragalactic?
IceTop station • Two Ice Tanks 2.7 m2 x 0.9 m deep • Coincidence between tanks = potential air shower • Local coincidence with no hit at neighboring station tags small showers with single muon in deep detector • Signal in single tank = m, g or e for monitoring, calibration of tanks • Low Gain/High Gain operation to achieve dynamic range
IceCube string connected to surface junction box between IceTop tanks
IceCube with IceTop after 04/05 deployment season 4 IceTop Stations deployed in December 2004 1st IceCube string deployed on Jan 29 2005
Shower spectrum Spectrum of total charge deposited in 8 tanks of area 2.7 m2 per tank ( 1 PE ~ 0.8 MeV ; 1 VEM ~ 0.16 GeV )
74 67 66 59 58 57 50 49 47 48 40 39 38 30 29 21 Plan for 2006 12 new stations planned for 2006 (red) Will give a total area of 0.12 km2 10 new IceCube strings planned • Cosmic-ray showers 3.1014 -1017 eV • Total rate of > 4-fold EAS: ~ 4 Hz • ~100 / day > 1016 eV (~50 m @ 2 km) • ~ 1 / day > 1017 eV (~300 m @ 2 km) • ~ 10% of IceTop triggers give coincidences • with deep array 4 IceTop stations currently operating (black) operating in coincidence with String 21