Unit 1: Function and Structure Notes It’s Nice to Meet You

1. Unit 1: Function and Structure NotesIt’sNicetoMeetYou BeginningLanguageLevel 1 (A)

2. Functions • I can recognize some common greetings and expressions. • I can understand someone saying a date or time. • I can understand someone talking about their age, where they are from, their phone number and b-day. • I can understand basic personal information from communications such as e-mails, personal profiles. • I can identify some cognates or characters that help me understand the meaning. • I can greet and say goodbye to people. • I can introduce myself and ask someone their name. • I can answer questions about my name, age, origin, and phone number. • I can tell someone the date and time. • I can tell someone when my birthday is. • I can greet people. • I can tell my age and my birthday. • I can tell where I am from. • I can tell the date and time. • I can tell my telephone number. • I can introduce myself. • I can write an introduction of myself. • I can write my age and my birthday. • I can write where I am from. • I can write my phone number. • I can write the date & time.

3. Structures • CommonCognate rules • Greetings and salutations • PQ+A • Nouns (singular and plural) • Numbers • Date / Time

4. Discussing Culture • I can use different greetings at different times of the day. • I can tell you how: • People greet each other that they know. • People greet each other that they don’t know. • Personal space is different. • There is a difference in telling dates and time. • A calendar is organized.

5. Structure: Cognates • English and Spanish Cognates are words in both languages that share the same Latin root and which are very similar. • It is important to bear in mind that these cognates do not always translate from one language to another precisely. • These cognates appear mainly in NOUNS, ADJECTIVES, VERBS, ADVERBS.

6. Los cognados: Nouns I • English nouns and Spanish nouns ending in '-or' are very often identical. • Actorcolordoctor directorhorror • English nouns and Spanish nouns ending in '-al' are very common identical. • Generalhospitalmanualmoralanimal • Many English nouns ending with '-ist', can be converted into Spanish nouns by changing to '-ista'. • Artistaegoístalistasocialistaturista • English nouns ending with '-y' often correspond to Spanish nouns ending with '-ía', '-ia', or '-io'. Agencia agonía batería familia historia urgencia salario testimonio diccionario

7. Los cognados: Nouns II • Many English nouns ending with '-ism', can be converted into Spanish nouns by changing to '-ismo'. • Idealismo despotismo mecanismo organismo optimismo • Many English nouns ending with '-nce', can be converted into Spanish nouns by changing to '-ncia'. • Abundanciaarroganciaexperienciapaciencia • Many English nouns ending with '-ty', can be converted into Spanish nouns by changing to '-dad'. • Actividad curiosidad electricidad identidad • Many English nouns ending with '-tion', can be converted into Spanish nouns by changing to '-ción'. Asociación combinación condición exempción

8. Los cognados: Adjectives • Like nouns, many English adjectives can be converted into Spanish simply by changing the word ending. Here are some useful rules. • -ive → ivoACTIVE ACTIVO • -al = -al CRIMINAL  CRIMINAL • -ous→ -osoDELICIOUS DELICIOSO • -ic → -icoFANTASTIC FANTÁSTICO • -ble= -bleTERRIBLE TERRIBLE • -nt → -nteIMPORTANT IMPORTANTE • -id→ -idoSTUPID  ESTÚPIDO • -ile→ -ilFRAGILE FRÁGIL • -ary→ -arioORDINARY  ORDINARIO

9. Los cognados: Verbs • Almost every English verb ending in '-ate' can be coverted into a Spanish infinitive by replacing the final '-ate' with '-ar'. • Operate = operarParticipate = participar • Many English verbs ending in VOWEL + CONSONANT + Tcan be converted into Spanish verbs by adding '-ar' or '-ir' to the end of the English verb. present = presentar represent = representarcomment= comentar insult = insultar

10. Los cognados: Verbs II • Many English infinitive verbs ending VOWEL + CONSONANT + Ecan be converted into Spanish infinitive verbs by dropping the final E and adding '-ar'. • Excuse = excusaradmire = admiraradore =adorar • Almost every English infinitive verb ending with '-ify' can be converted into a Spanish verb by replacing the final '-ify' with '-ificar'. Justify = justificar pacify = pacificar verify = verificar

11. Los cognados: Adverbs • In English, "-ly" combines with many adjectives to form adverbs. • In Spanish, "-mente" combines with (feminine) adjectives to form Spanish adverbs. • Absolutelyabsolutamente • Normally normalmente • Naturallynaturalmente • Finally finalmente • Correctly correctamente • exactlyexactamente • Evidently evidentemente • Difficultlydifícilmente

12. Structure Greetings and Goodbyes • Hola = Hello. / Hi. • Buenos días= Good morning. • Buenastardes= Good afternoon. / Good evening. • Buenasnoches= Goodnight. • Adiós = Bye. / Goodbye. • Hastaluego= See you later. • Hasta pronto = See you soon • Hastaahora= See you in a minute. • Hastamañana= See you tomorrow. • Hastalunes= See you on Monday.

13. Structure PQ+A • PQ+A is used to get to know someone in a Spanish-speaking country. • These questions and answers must be memorized; by doing so, you will look much smarter in Spanish than you really are. • Questions and Answers (Preguntas y respuestas) • ¿Cómo te llamas?  Me llamo Scott. • ¿De dónde eres?  Soy de Newport. • ¿Cuántos años tienes?  Tengo quince (15) años. • ¿Dónde vives?  Vivo en Newport. • ¿Cómo estás?  Estoy bien / mal / regular. • ¿Cómo eres?  Soy alto, flaco, y popular. • ¿Qué es esto? Es un libro.

14. Structure: Nouns (singular and plural) • A noun is a word that represents a person, place, thing or concept. • To make most nouns plural in Spanish, add an “s” if the word ends in a vowel (a, e, i, o, u). • If a word ends in a consonant (any letter other that a,e,i,o,u), add an “es.” • If a noun (or adjective) ends with the letter “z,” the “z” becomes a “c” when plural and you add an “es”. Lápiz = lápices. • Examples: • El coche = los coches • El árbol = los árboles • La actriz = lasactrices

15. StructureNumbers • Counting in Spanishis as easy as counting in English; youjust use differentwordstoexpresseachnumber. 1. Uno 16. diezy seis 31. treinta y uno 900.novecientos 2. Dos 17. diez y siete 40. cuarenta 1,000. un mil 3. Tres 18. diez y ocho 50. cincuenta 4. Cuatro 19. diez y nueve 60. sesenta 5. Cinco 20. veinte 70. setenta 6. Seis 21. veintiuno 80. ochenta 7. Siete 22. veintidós 90. noventa 8. Ocho 23. veintitrés 100. ciento / cien 9. Nueve 24. veinticuatro 200. doscientos 10. Diez 25.veinticinco 300. trescientos 11. Once 26. veintiséis 400. cuatrocientos 12. Doce 27. veintisiete 500. quinientos 13. Trece 28. veintiocho 600. seiscientos 14. Catorce 29. veintinueve 700. setecientos 15. Quince 30. treinta 800. ochocientos

16. StructureTellingthe date • In order to tell the date in Spanish, the word order must be: • el + número + de + mes • Examples: • el cinco de mayo - the fifth of May (May 5)el dos de febrero - February 2el ocho de abril - April 8el primero de enero - January 1 • With the 1st of the month, use PRIMERO

17. StructureTelling time • Use theverbSER in theforms of ESorSONtotellwhat time it is. • Es la una. It’s 1:00. • Son las dos. It’s 2:00. • Add minutes up tothe:30 mark. • Es la una y diez. (1:10) • Son las cinco y cuatro. (5:04) • Subtract minutes afterthe:30 mark. • Son las dos menos veinte. (1:40) • Use cuarto(:15/:45) and media(:30) instead of quince and treinta. • Es la una y media (1:30). • Son las once menos cuarto (10:45).