Early English Attempts at Colonizing and the Founding of Jamestown

1. The English Establish 13 ColoniesChapter 31585-1732 AD

2. Early Colonies Have Mixed Success • To describe early English attempts at colonizing • To explain English financing of a colony • To summarize how Jamestown was founded and grew • To analyze the conflicts of the Jamestown colonists both with Native Americans and among the colonists themselves

3. The English Plan Colonies • By the late 1500s Spain has many colonies • England is late to the game, Richard Hakluyt • Mercantilism • Transfers wealth from colonies to parent country through trade • Resources from colonies is used to produce items that are sold back to the colony

4. Two Early Colonies Fail • Sir Walter Raleigh would sponsor Roanoke. • He would name the first English colony Virginia • Roanoke would rely on Natives to feed them • John White on the supply ships from England • Both options were a mistake, why? • Plymouth Company at Kennebec River • Essentially a penal colony • Infighting, hunger, and the cold

5. Financing a Colony • As first colonies failed, new idea for sponsorship had to come about • Joint-stock companies would form • Investors would invest in business ventures • Profit was shared, risk was minimized • Royalty needed to be included, so a charter would have to be created. • A legal document that gave a company the right to create a colony

6. Jamestown Is Founded 1607 • Virginia Company of London • 100 settlers • Named after King James • Early hardships would only made worse by gold fever • Didn’t bother with farming • Constructed a poorly built fort

7. Jamestown Grows • By 1608, only 38 colonist remained • John Smith would take over • “will not work shall not eat” • Things would get better until Smith would be injured and have to return to England • The Starving Time • As Smith left, 800 colonist would arrive in 1609 • Relations would worsen and after the starving time only 60 colonists remained • Lord De La Warr’s Jamestown • John Rolfe’s high grade tobacco

8. Bacon’s Rebellion in 1676 • Tobacco would be introduced • Land was offered to settlers, and indentured servants would be need. • House of Burgesses • First representative assembly in America • Helped form laws • Nathaniel Bacon and rebellion • Gov. Berkeley’s high taxes • Over land and Native Americans

9. New England Colonies • To explain why the Pilgrims established Plymouth Colony • To explain why the Puritans set up the Massachusetts Bay Colony • To identify the New England Way and to evaluate challenges to Puritan leadership • To summarize the causes and effects of King Philip's War and the Salem witchcraft trials

10. The Voyage of the Mayflower • Separatists would organize in the early 1600s • Pilgrims would not support the Church of England • Persecution would push them out of England to the Americas • Signed a Charter with the Virginia Company • Mayflower Compact • Agreed upon laws for the settlement at Plymouth • Helped established the idea of self-governance

11. The Pilgrims Found Plymouth • The first winter was harsh, but aid came in the spring • Samoset and Squanto helped create a treaty • Natives would show the Pilgrims how to survive in the harsh environment • Following fall would lead to the first Thanksgiving. • The Pilgrim successes would be heard of in England

12. Puritans Come to Massachusetts Bay • 1630-1640 Puritans would come to America • Not Separatist, but reformers • The first “Great Migration” • About 20,000 would come to America • Heavily invested in the Massachusetts Bay Company, Puritans arrived with plenty of support

13. The New England Way • Society was based around the congregation • The General Court • Elected males from the congregation • Emphasized duty, godliness, hard work, and honesty • Puritan congregations would spread out over the region • Fundamental Orders of Connecticut • Extended voting rights • Limited the governor’s powers

14. Challenges to Puritan Leaders • Not all agreed with New England Way • Roger Williams • Founder of the first Baptist church in America • Established Providence Rhode Island • Guaranteed Religious Freedom • Separation of Church and State • Anne Hutchinson • Didn’t need a church to worship • Quakers • Would flee Massachusetts, and intolerance

15. King Phillip’s War • Growing Populations impacted Native Americans • Lack of understanding on both sides • Land ownership was the major issue • Religion and food also played a role • Metacom (King Phillip) lead a war against Puritan colonies • The results of the fighting would leave more land open to settlement

16. The Salem Witchcraft Trials • 1692 Witch Hunts would consume the Puritan settlements • Started with several young girls • These hunts would be used as a sign to return to a stricter Puritan life style • 100+ would be tried, 20 executed

17. Founding the Middle and Southern Colonies • To compare the founding of the four Middle Colonies • To trace the growth of the Middle Colonies • To explain how economics influenced the development of the Southern Colonies • To identify unique reasons for the founding of Georgia and Maryland

18. The Middle Colonies • Religious Freedom attracted many settlers • General freedoms were not taken lightly • Many religions could be found in the Hudson and Delaware basins • A couple of the Middle Colonies were not English

19. New Netherland Becomes New York • Dutch West Indies and “Patroon System” • Patrons would bring 50+ workers, and be rewarded land in colonies • The more workers you brought the more land you received • Duke of York would notice the Colony • The Dutch colony was considered a threat to the English Colonies • Dutch would surrender without a fight. • Dubbed New York

20. New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware • The Duke of York became the single largest landowner in the New World • Promises of freedom of religion would attract more settlers • William Penn • King Charles II owed the Penn family money so instead he granted him Pennsylvania • A colony meant for Quakers to live in • Peace and Harmony

21. Southern Colonies • Maryland • Lord Baltimore established Maryland for Catholics • 1649s Toleration Act • Tobacco Economy • Carolinas • English, French Huguenots, and African slaves • Became Royal Colony through rebellion…1729

22. Georgia • 1732, founded by James Oglethorpe • English wanted to use Georgia as a military outpost against Spanish Florida and French Louisiana • Would defend against Spanish forces • Oglethorpe’s strict rules would force the king to make Georgia a royal colony • By the 1700s there was 13 colonies.