Add to table of Contents:

1. Add to table of Contents: • Karyotype Example Pg. 56 • Karyotypes Pg. 57

2. Review:Humans have ___ pairs,____ (total)chromosomes. The last pair is the sex chromosomes. 23 • XX = • XY = 46 girl boy

3. X Y X X There will always be a 50% change that a baby will be a boy or 50% girl.

4. Karyotypes Pg. 57 Autosomes = Pairs 122 Sex chromosomes = Pair 23

5. Diploid – contains 2 of every type of chromosomes (1 from mom, 1 from dad) = 2n. • Found in all somatic cells =body cells • Ex. Skin, muscle, nerve

6. Haploid – contains only 1 of every type of chromosome. = 1n = reproductive cells • Found in gametes = sperm and egg

7. Karyotype- • A diagram that shows a cell’s chromosomes arranged in order from largest to smallest.

8. Is it a boy or a girl?

9. Is it a boy or a girl?

10. Down’s syndrome=Trisomy 21 = 3 #21 chromosomes.

11. Down Syndrome

12. Head and facial features often associated with Down Syndrome: • Flattened back of head. • Almond-shaped eyes, • with eye lid a little droopy. • Sometimes a whitish pupil. • Slightly flattened bridge across nose. • Smallish ears, slightly lower on the head, • with a small fold on top. • Slightly protruding tongue.

14. Risk of Down Syndrome

15. Turner’s Syndrome = only 1 X chromosome

16. Turner’s Syndrome • Turner’s syndrome • It is a chromosomal disorder affecting females in which all or part of one of the X chromosomes is absent. • Occurring in 1 out of every 2500 girls • There are characteristic physical abnormalities, such as short stature, broad chest, infertility, low hairline, low-set ears, and webbed neck. • Concurrent health concerns are also frequently present, including congenital heart disease

18. Klinefelter's syndrome = 2XX and 1Y

19. Klinefelter’s Syndrome • Klinefelter's syndrome, 47,XXY or XXY syndrome is a condition caused by a chromosomeaneuploidy. Affected individuals have at least two X chromosomes and at least one Y chromosome.[1] Klinefelter's syndrome is the most common sex chromosome disorder • The principal effects are development of small testicles and infertility. • The condition exists in roughly 1 out of every 1000 males • Because of the extra chromosome, individuals with the condition are usually referred to as "XXY Males", or "47, XXY Males".

20. Cri-du-chat= part of #5 chromosome is missing.

21. Criduchatsyndrome, also known as 5p- (5p minus) syndrome or cat cry syndrome,is a genetic condition that is caused by the deletionof genetic  materialon the  small arm of chromosome5. [1][2]Infants with this  condition often have a high-pitched cry  that sounds like that of a cat.The disorder is  Characterized by intellectual disabilityand delayed  development,small head size,low birth weight, weak muscle tone in infancy, and distinctive facial  features.

22. Cri-du-chat

23. Review

24. Review: • The 23rd pair of chromosomes that differ in males and females in humans are called the: • A. Autosomes • B. Sex chromosomes • C. Multiple alleles • D. Polygenes

25. Review: • Pairs 122 of chromosomes are called the: • A. Autosomes • B. Sex chromosomes • C. Multiple alleles • D. Polygenes

26. Mendel said that reproductive cells have 1 chromosome for every trait. This is supported by: • A. Diploid cells are produced by mitosis • B. Haploid cells are produced by mitosis • C. Diploid cells are produced by meiosis • D. Haploid cells are produced by meiosis

30. Turner’s Syndrome = only 1 X chromosome

31. Klinefelter's syndrome = 2XX and 1Y

32. Down Syndrome

33. Gender?

34. Organism?

35. Diagnosis?

36. Diploid Number?

37. Haploid Number?

38. How many chromosomes in an gamete cell?

39. How many chromosomes in a somatic cell?

40. How many chromosomes in a human zygote?

41. Diploid number?

42. Haploid number?