Latin American Independence Movements

1. Latin American Independence Movements 1800-1840

2. Origins of the Independence Movements • Creoles • Government Jobs • Peninsulares • Mercantilism • European Goods VS Colonial Goods • Taxes from Spain • Climate of Resentment

3. Origins of the Independence • 1767 • Jesuits • The Catholic Church • An act of tyranny

4. Origins • December 1804 • The Consolidacion Decree • Charitable Church Funds • Mexico • Financial Institutions • The Mexican Economy • The Lower Clergy

5. Origins • North American Shipping • Revolutionary Writings • The French Revolution • The Haitian Revolt • The Reign of Terror • The Creole upper class

6. Origins • Latin American Armies • Colonial Militias • Security

7. Origins • 1800 • The Enlightenment • Creoles vs Peninsulares • Creoles vs lower class • Liberty to the masses

8. The Wars for Independence • The Napoleonic Wars • Naval Blockades • Diminishing Spanish Authority • The Malvinas • Buenos Aires • Effects on the Creoles

9. The Wars for Independence • 1808 • Joseph Bonaparte • The reaction of the Creoles • Problems with Unity

10. Mexico • Creole Elite • Miguel Hidalgo • September 16, 1810 • The role of the Natives and mestizos • 1811

11. Mexico • Jose Maria Morelos • November 6, 1813 • Reasons for fighting • The capture of Morelos • Ferdinand VII

12. Mexico • Unity • January 1, 1820 • The Cadiz Mutiny • Changes in Spain • The Creole Response

13. Mexico • Ferdinand VII • Vincente Guerrero • General Agustin de Iturbide • The Plan of Iguala (February 1821) • New Rules • September 1821 • Agustin I

14. Mexico • Problems for Iturbide • Wealthy Creoles • Ideas of a republic • Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna • General Guadalupe Victoria • Civil War in Mexico

15. Venezuela • Simon Bolivar • 1811 • The Venezuelan Republican Constitution • Pardos • Reasons for divided support.

16. Venezuela • Bolivar flees to Colombia • Gaining support of the lower classes • “war to death” • Caracas

17. Venezuela • The Liberator • Bolivar’s policies • Slave Revolts • Llaneros • Bolivar flees • May 1815

18. Venezuela • Continuing the fight • Bolivar’s thoughts on government • September 1816 • Forming alliances • Abolishing slavery • Land grants • English Mercenaries

19. Venezuela • The Battle of Boyacá • Bogota • August 7, 1819 • The Republic of Colombia • Carabobo • June 1821

20. Southern South America • Buenos Aires • United Provinces of Rio de la Plata • Jose San Martin • Promises of freedom • Argentina

21. Southern South America • San Martin crosses into Chile • Chacabuco • Maipu • Bernardo O’Higgins • February 1818

22. Southern South America • Focusing on Peru • O’Higgins faces problems • San Martin attacks Peru • July 1821

23. Southern South America • July 1822 • Bolivar and San Martin meet • San Martin leaves South America • December 1824 • Bolivar leaves South America

24. Results of Independence • New Nations • Destruction of life and property • Decapitalization • Reduction of power in the Catholic Church • Increase in military strength • The decline of slavery • Power remained in the hands of the Creoles

25. Results of Independence • Lack of freedom and prosperity • Exports • Britain • Caudillos • Government problems

26. Latin American governments • The chief executive • Lesser caudillos • The role of the Judiciary • The legislative branch • Elections • Voting rights and rules • Differences between conservatives and liberals

27. Brazil • Portugal • Brazil gets neglected • Population • Sugar and cotton • Ties with the home country

28. Brazil • Peace independence • 1808 • King Joao VI • Rio de Janeiro • Brazil becomes a co-equal with Portugal

29. Brazil • The Cortes • April 1821 • Prince Pedro • Brazilian Independence • The role of Britain

30. The US response • Trade with the US • James Madison • James Monroe • Recognition

31. The US response • Great Britain • John Quincy Adams • The Monroe Doctrine • Two spheres • Non intervention