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What They Don't Know CAN Hurt Them . Ryan Curtis, Ph.D. Ast . Dir. of Undergraduate Studies Scott Roberts, Ph.D. Dir. of Undergraduate Studies Department of Psychology University of Maryland. Log in to channel 23. PRESS: ( Ch ) or (Go) (4) (1) ( Ch ) or (Go)
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What They Don't KnowCAN Hurt Them Ryan Curtis, Ph.D. Ast. Dir. of Undergraduate Studies Scott Roberts, Ph.D. Dir. of Undergraduate Studies Department of Psychology University of Maryland
Log in to channel 23 • PRESS: • (Ch) or (Go) • (4) • (1) • (Ch) or (Go) • The green light should • display for 2 seconds • You are now ready to respond
Which of these poses the greatest risk to a college students success? • Alcohol abuse • Drug abuse • Abusive relationships • Academic dishonesty • Unprotected sexual intercourse • All are equally problematic • None are a problem for my students Poll
How much money did the average person in this room make last year? • < $50,000 • $50,001-$60,000 • $60,001-$70,000 • $70,001-$80,000 • $80,001-$90,000 • $90,001-$100,000 • $100,001-$110,000 • $110,001-$120,000 • >$120,001 Poll
How much money did YOUmake last year? • < $50,000 • $50,001-$60,000 • $60,001-$70,000 • $70,001-$80,000 • $80,001-$90,000 • $90,001-$100,000 • $100,001-$110,000 • $110,001-$120,000 • >$120,001 Poll
Assumption Errors • Assumptions are the best predictors of Jonesian Intelligence (Jacobs, 1998) • Assumption Errors are bad • Have been linked with risky alcohol consumption (Prentice & Miller, 1993) and sexual behavior (Hines, et al. 2002)
Assumption Errors • Assumptions are the best predictors of Jonesian Intelligence (Jacobs, 1998) • Assumption Errors are bad • Have been linked with risky alcohol consumption (Prentice & Miller, 1993) and sexual behavior (Hines, et al. 2002) I totally made this up This part is true
Pluralistic Ignorance • https://depts.washington.edu/etuwb/ltblog/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/college-students-classroom.jpg (modified) Questions? I’m confused, but everyone else seems to understand
Pluralistic Ignorance • https://depts.washington.edu/etuwb/ltblog/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/college-students-classroom.jpg (modified) Questions? ? ? ? ? ? ?
Pluralistic Ignorance • http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-whOKbNHf3As/T4B3rRRAuTI/AAAAAAAAAz8/7JkGXzG7ul8/s400/you.jpg Everyone in the group is different from me… Multiple members of the group share this assumption
What’s Wrong with Feeling Unique? • http://ww1.prweb.com/prfiles/2010/08/30/250633/drinking1.jpg http://www.totallifecounseling.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/College-Binge-Drinking-400x260.jpg http://thumb9.shutterstock.com/thumb_large/401815/401815,1328794249,4/stock-photo-teenage-girl-tired-of-reading-sleeping-on-the-bed-with-a-book-on-her-face-isolated-on-white-94764160.jpg Everyone else was getting drunk… Last Friday Night? … and then had sex
ACTUAL Norm “Getting 'drunk' frequently is ok because it is an important part of the college experience” Perkins and Berkowitz (1986) http://campusinsight.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/silhouette-dancing-people.jpg
ERRONEOUS Norm “Getting 'drunk' frequently is ok because it is an important part of the college experience” Assumed Average Perkins and Berkowitz (1986) http://campusinsight.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/silhouette-dancing-people.jpg
Fundamental Attribution Error • http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-rUw8r4Fyr9I/ToH_If5JPoI/AAAAAAAAAVU/xrJnD_jfce4/s1600/doing_shots.jpg I only drink like this on special occasions. But these guys really love to drink!
We tend to do what we think is normal… • http://www.flickr.com/photos/9349642@N07/3611036085/sizes/l/
…because no one wants to be rejected… • http://www.flickr.com/photos/andreaswinterer/2222245735/sizes/l/
Serious and Silly Norms • http://cdn04.cdn.justjared.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/hale-jjhp/lucy-hale-chris-zylka-just-jared-halloween-party-04.jpg Asch (1951) “Line Study” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-2NduSCLiMA
Consequences of Perceived Disconnect • http://ww1.prweb.com/prfiles/2010/08/30/250633/drinking1.jpg http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2012/09/h_14272279.jpg?w=360&h=240&crop=1 http://im.glogster.com/media/1/1/28/7/1280715.jpg ALIENATION ASSIMILATION (Prentice & Miller, 1993)
150-Seat Sections of PSYC 100 • http://www.ashleypettitliving.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/alcoholic-beverages.jpg http://img.gawkerassets.com/img/181r8oee0jpbdjpg/xlarge.jpg Classmate? WEEK UMD Student? You? MONTH LIFE
Teaching Conference Results Assumed Actual
Combating Ignorance (Schroeder & Prentice,1998) • Discussion group • Peer-focused • Show data on pluralistic ignorance • Individual-focused • How to make responsible decisions
Combating Ignorance (Schroeder & Prentice,1998) • 4-6 months later…
Combating Ignorance (Schroeder & Prentice,1998) • 4-6 months later…
In Class • Technologies • Clickers • Clickers.umd.edu • Poll everywhere • Polleverywhere.com • Low Tech • Post-Its
Out of Class • Technologies • Surveys • Blackboard/Canvas • Qualtrics/Surveymonkey/Googledocs • Wiki • Blog • Discussion Board
Feedback from Students • “I loved that the clickers were able to show us information about the others around me while keeping it anonymous. It taught me a great deal about pluralistic ignorance.” • “It was interactive, it told us what the reality was in our class and shed light on the concept of pluralistic ignorance. My expectations were very different than the reality often times. It showed us things that were counter intuitive so that we paid attention when you told us what the actual answer is.”
Thank you! Ryan Curtis, Ph.D. curtis@umd.edu Scott Roberts, Ph.D. scott@umd.edu Department of Psychology University of Maryland