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Preventing Cascading Outages by Intentional Controlled Islanding

Preventing Cascading Outages by Intentional Controlled Islanding. CAMS /RRPA Panel Session Mitigation and Prevention of Cascading Outages: Methodologies and Practical Applications PES General Meeting, Vancouver, Canada July 24, 2013

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Preventing Cascading Outages by Intentional Controlled Islanding

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  1. Preventing Cascading Outages by Intentional Controlled Islanding CAMS/RRPA Panel Session Mitigation and Prevention of Cascading Outages: Methodologies and Practical Applications PES General Meeting, Vancouver, Canada July 24, 2013 V.Terzija (Manchester), P.Wall (Manchester), J.Quirós-Tortós (Manchester), S.Norris (Durham), J.Bialek (Durham) vladimir.terzija@manchester.ac.uk

  2. OUTLINE Concept of Intelligent Controlled Islanding Importance of Intelligent Controlled Islanding Challenges of Intelligent Controlled Islanding Present state of Research Detailed Example Ensuring the survival of the Islands IEEE Vancouver, July 21-25, 2013

  3. Concept of ICI • Islands need to be able to operate as isolated power systems until system restored Simple example of the concept of ICI IEEE Vancouver, July 21-25, 2013

  4. Concept of ICI Separate the system into a set of sustainable and isolated islands Controlled separation avoids an uncontrolled cascade of failures in the system Separation reduces the sources of dangerous oscillations in the system and mitigates the risk of electrical centres forming IEEE Vancouver, July 21-25, 2013

  5. Concept of ICI – Blackout Prevention IEEE Vancouver, July 21-25, 2013

  6. Importance of ICI Increasing risk of blackouts must be countered and ICI has the potential to limit their occurrence and impact Implementing Islanding before the collapse will keep some of the system operating Limits immediate consequences of blackout e.g. interruptions. Eases restoration as will ensure that black start of entire system is avoided IEEE Vancouver, July 21-25, 2013

  7. Challenges of ICI Detecting need for islanding prior to fast cascade stage of collapse into blackout Determining the islands that should be created and how best to do so The time at which to implement the ICI plan IEEE Vancouver, July 21-25, 2013

  8. Challenges of ICI • These challenges can be separated into: • WHERE to island? • WHEN to island? • HOW to island? IEEE Vancouver, July 21-25, 2013

  9. Existing ICI Research Graph Partitioning • Graph Partitioning • Simulated annealing • Ordered Binary Decision Diagram • MinimialCutset enumeration • Represent the system as a graph of vertices and edges IEEE Vancouver, July 21-25, 2013

  10. Existing ICI Research Graph Partitioning • Find the set of edges that ‘best’ separate the vertices • ‘Best’ is defined according to an objective function and a set of constraints • Objective functions include • Minimum dynamic coupling • Minimum power flow disruption • Minimum power imbalance IEEE Vancouver, July 21-25, 2013

  11. Existing ICI ResearchGenerator Grouping • Generator Grouping • Slow Coherency • Synchrony Clustering • Eigen Value sensitivity • Identify generator groups that swing together • Separate the system to keep these groups together IEEE Vancouver, July 21-25, 2013

  12. Role of Emerging Technology • Synchronised measurement technology will play a key role in any ICI scheme • ICI requires accurate system measurements for both: • The quasi steady state operation (for coherency analysis) • The evolution of the blackout (for determining island boundaries, availability of resources and present state of the proposed islands) IEEE Vancouver, July 21-25, 2013

  13. Example Solution for ICI Problem A two step method is proposed in “Two-Step Spectral Clustering Controlled Islanding Algorithm”, L. Ding, F. Gonzalez-Longatt, P. Wall and V. Terzija This method is a hybrid of the graph partitioning and generator grouping methods The generator grouping is performed by forming a graph of the dynamic coupling IEEE Vancouver, July 21-25, 2013

  14. Example Solution for ICI ProblemSeparation of IEEE Test Systems New England 39-bus, IEEE 118-bus IEEE Vancouver, July 21-25, 2013

  15. Summary ICI has been proposed as a potential tool to counter the increasing threat of blackouts ICI has the potential to avert a blackout or greatly ease restoration by ensuring part of the system survives The ICI problem is complex and any solution must consider a number of factors Execution time is critical due to the rapid development of some blackouts IEEE Vancouver, July 21-25, 2013

  16. Preventing Cascading Outages by Intentional Controlled Islanding CAMS/RRPA Panel Session Mitigation and Prevention of Cascading Outages: Methodologies and Practical Applications PES General Meeting, Vancouver, Canada July 24, 2013 V.Terzija, P.Wall, J.Quirós-Tortós, S.NorrisJ.Bialek vladimir.terzija@manchester.ac.uk

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