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Cellular Evolution: From Discovery to Diversity

Explore the history of cells from their discovery in the 1650s to the modern Cell Theory. Learn about prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and the diversity of cells. Test your knowledge with interactive tutorials!

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Cellular Evolution: From Discovery to Diversity

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  1. CELLS!

  2. History - video • Cells were unknown until the discovery of microscopes in the 1650’s • two scientists working independently built the first microscopes • Anton von Leeuwenhoek in Holland • Robert Hooke in England

  3. Hooke (1665) • Studied cork - a kind of tree bark • named the structures he saw “cells” because they reminded him of the small rooms monks slept in

  4. Leeuwenhoek (1673) • Studied pondwater, sour milk, and semen (magnification 10X greater than Hooke’s) • named moving organisms “animalcules” this scared people who thought: • Human sperm cells contain tiny human beings! • Pond water causes madness • Today we can look back and think “crazy,” but at the time people took these ideas very seriously. (protists)

  5. The Cell Theory Review • All living things are composed of cells (you, me, plants, bugs, fish, bacteria, yeast,) • Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things (what keeps us upright and helps us live, basically small workers responsible for how we function!) • New cells are produced from existing cells (they can’t just appear out of thin air…cells make new cells by dividing!)

  6. Who came up with this theory? All plants are made of cells! 1. Schleiden (circa 1838) Onion skin cells

  7. Who came up with this theory? All animals are made of cells! 2. Schwann Human red blood cells

  8. Who came up with this theory? 3. Virchow All cells come from pre-existing cells!

  9. How big are cells? -video • Microscopic (mostly) • Measured in microns µm • (micrometers). • A µm is one millionth of a meter = • 10-9 m = one thousandth of 1 mm.

  10. Cell Diversity Form follows function! - a cell’s function influences its physical features - cells vary in shape, size, and internal organization

  11. PROKARYOTES AND EUKARYOTES • Both Have: • Cytoplasm • Ribosomes • Plasma Membrane • With Plants: Cell Wall • With (some) Animals: Flagella • Prokaryotes do not have a nucleus! • Eukaryotes are more complex • Eukaryotes are larger

  12. Why are cells named that way? • From Greek words… • EU means TRUE. • PRO means BEFORE. • KARYON means NUCLEUS. • Eukaryote = TRUE NUCLEUS; • Prokaryote = BEFORE NUCLEUS. • All cells have DNA, in eukaryotes it is stored in the nucleus. • Prokaryotes don’t have a nucleus, and it floats around in the cytoplasm in an area called the nucleoid. • Only eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles.

  13. Test Yourself!

  14. How is life organized for MULTI-CELLULAR Organisms? • Cellsmake up tissues which make up organs which make up organ systems which make up organisms • We can also take it back to the atomic level..

  15. VIDEO TUTORIALS • Eukaryotic cells • Plant Cells • Bozeman Science – the cell

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