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Geographic Standards

Explore the importance of harmonizing standards for efficient data management, preservation, and integration. Learn about interoperability goals, interoperable systems, and the impact on efficiency and cost reduction.

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Geographic Standards

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  1. Geographic Standards ISO TC211 Geographic Information Geomatics ISO/IEC JTC1 SC32 Data Management Services

  2. Presentation Outline • Statistical Office Viewpoint • Interoperability Goals • Standards Overview • The Geo-thematic Bridge • Summary

  3. Pyramid of Standards-based Applications Finding Time, Place, Theme, Focus Assessing Relevance, Quality, Cost, Timeliness, Concepts, Methods, Sources, Using Classifications, Questionnaires, Codebooks, Dictionaries, Database Schemas, Record Layouts Managing Harmonization, Integration, Creation, Preservation, Retention, Disposal

  4. Interoperability Goals • Increase data use and reuse. • Reduce costs for data collection and integration. • Reduce cost for data maintenance and management. • General increases in efficiency.

  5. Inter- Connectivity Inter- Operability Stovepipes Connectivity Client-server Data sharing Enterprise-wide Data tran sfer single database within broad system and data and applications subject areas integration warehousing Implementation continuum Application Enterprise view view Enabling Interoperability

  6. RealTime Data Meta Stuff Clean Data Data Products “Refined” Source Data Source Data The Back-end Systems………. Collection and Production

  7. Application & Access Tools Spatial Data Technology Interfaces & Protocols • Open Interface • Flexible Architecture • Expandable • Neutral • Rapid Access • Easy GIS Tools RealTime Data Meta Stuff Data Products Visualization Tools “Refined” Source Data Web Browser The Front-end Systems…. Management & Access

  8. Key Issue for buildingthe “Interoperable Systems” Preserve the investment in the existing data - GIS databases, CAD drawings, imagery, raster data, etc…..

  9. CGDI TCP/IP SIG RPC DIGEST RDA OGIS DXF OGDI ICDG GIS SDTS HTML ISO/TC211 XDR NSDI FGDC SAIF CORBA HTTP IIOP WWW

  10. ISO SQL3 & SQL/MM Common Language Common Data Model Common Spatial Functions Repository, Dictionary & ADT Support APIs (OGDI/CLI/ RDA) Application Level: User-defined Conceptual Logical Physical View Level: Level: Level: Database Subject Area Information Model Model Schema ISO TC211 OGIS Common Meta -Model COM/CORBA Compliance Spatial Features & Operators Simple Feature SQL Modelling Methods JAVA & OLE/DB Meta -Information Services Interfaces Services Definition International Standards:Agreement on the present… A Strategy for the Future

  11. ISO/TC 211 organization ISO/TC 211 Olaf Østensen Chairman WG 1 WG 4 WG 3 WG 5 WG 2 Christopher Morten Ken Bullock Les Rackham Kees Wevers Dabrowski Borrebæk Australia UK Netherlands USA Norway Framework and reference model Geospatial models and operators Geospatial data administration Geospatial services Profiles and functional standards

  12. JTC 1 ISO IEC Imaging Electronic Commerce JTC 1 Organizational Chart Technical Directions JTC 1 Subcommittees & Working Groups Rapporteur Groups Business Teams Conformity Assessment (ANSI) Global Information Infrastructure (NSAI) Registration Authorities (ANSI) Coded Character Sets SC 2 - Coded Character Sets (JISC) Data Capture and Identification Systems SC 17 - Identification Cards & Related Devices (BSI) SC 31 - Automatic Identification & Data Capture Techniques (ANSI) Data Management Service SC 32 - Data Management Services (ANSI) Distributed Application Services SC 33 - Distributed Application Services (ANSI) Document Description Languages JTC 1/WG 4 - Document Description Languages (ANSI) Information Interchange Media SC 11 Flexible Magnetic Media for Digital Data Interchange (ANSI) SC 23 - Optical Disk Cartridge for Information Interchange (JISC) IT Terminology SC 1 - Vocabulary (AFNOR) Multimedia and Representation SC 24 - Computer Graphics and Image Processing (BSI) SC 29 - Coding of Audio, Picture, Multimedia and Hypermedia Information (JISC) Networking & Interconnects SC 6 - Telecommunications and Information Exchange Between Systems (ANSI) SC 25 - Interconnection of Information Technology Equipment (DIN) SC 26 - Microprocessor Systems (JISC) Office Equipment SC 28 - Office Equipment (ABNT) Programming Languages & Software Interfaces SC 22 -Programming Languages, Their Environments and Systems Software Interfaces (ANSI) Security SC 27 - IT Security Techniques (DIN) Software Engineering SC 7 - Software Engineering (SCC) User Interfaces JTC 1/WG 5 - User Interfaces (BSI) As of 22 October 1997. This chart is subject to revision.

  13. schema Type Level Pair Defines and Controls Instance database Level Pair 10

  14. schema-2 Defines and Controls Level Pair Interlock schema-1 database-2* Level Pair Defines and Controls database-1 Interlocking Level Pairs *database-2 contains a representation of schema-1 11

  15. schema-3 Interlock 2 schema-2 database-3 Interlock 1 schema-1 database-2 database-1 Recursive Interlocking Level Pairs 12

  16. Database Extending the Level Pair:Data, Metadata and Meta-Information cross- references Metadata (database schema) Meta-Information (web document) illustrates and explains defines and controls 20

  17. Definition Schema Level Object Type Association Type Field in Record Value in Field Record Field Value Dictionary Definition Level Record Type Field Type Value Type Admin Area Record Type Type Name Pop Count Prov Ont Que Admin Area Dictionary Level Pop Count Type Name Application Level Prov Prov Ont Que 8888 9999 Geographic Operational Context Geographic Design and Maintenance Context Geographic Policy and Standards Context Building the Geo-Thematic Bridge:the Geographic Abutment

  18. Definition Schema Level Object Type Association Type Record Field Value Field in Record Value in Field Dictionary Definition Level Record Type Field Type Value Type Age Sex Marital Status Integer Male Female Single Married Person Record Type Person Dictionary Level Marital Status Age Sex Application Level Single Married 32 28 M F Thematic Design and Maintenance Context Thematic Operational Context Thematic Policy and Standards Context Building the Geo-Thematic Bridge:the Thematic Abutment

  19. Building the Geo-Thematic Bridge:The Policy and Standards Keystone

  20. Summary • Client Oriented Applications • Finding, Assessing, Using and Managing • Interoperability • Registers first (Geography/Business, etc.) • Standards • Content/Containers/Carriers • The Geo-thematic Bridge • Harmonize, then integrate

  21. Geographic Standards ISO TC211 Geographic Information Geomatics ISO IEC JTC1 SC32 SQL Multimedia Spatial

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