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Cross-Cultural Differences. Michael Gregson Manfred Hlina Matt Holt Georg Klampfer Randi Roberts. Marino. JAPAN. Name: Marino Toyokura Language: Japanese Role of women in the workforce: Payment is almost equal because of a law Still discrimination
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Cross-Cultural Differences Michael Gregson Manfred Hlina Matt Holt Georg Klampfer Randi Roberts
JAPAN • Name: Marino Toyokura • Language: Japanese • Role of women in the workforce: • Payment is almost equal because of a law • Still discrimination • Hiring: sometimes they don’t even ask women when they are applying for a job • Strong discrimination in government and the police not many female police officers and politicians
JAPAN • In small villages thinking is very traditional, that seems like discrimination; “women has to bring the tea to the men” • Pregnancy: • 1 to 3 month period of rest (it depends on the company) • Usually just 1 month • In higher positions there are still more male managers, just a few women • But it’s changing now; there will be more and more female high positions
JAPAN • Benefits provided to employees: • Vacations • One week a year plus every month one day extra • Working hours: • Usually from 8 a.m. – 5 p.m. during the week • On Saturdays only from 8 a.m. – 12. p.m.
Japan • How managers treat their employees: • Treatment is still traditional Japanese: still one boss who decides everything; insured workers sit beside their working station, even if they are not able to work
Japan • General management practices: • Distance/respect between younger and older people is very high
JAPAN What were your greatest difficulties in adapting to this (US) culture? • First of all the language • Bathing culture in Japan is different than in USA (first washing, than bathing for relaxing) • There is no public transportation in the U.S.; In Japan public transportation is everywhere (fast and cheap)
JAPAN • It’s hard to get liquor here und you have to show your ID; in Japan you are allowed to drink alcohol starting when you’re 20 years old • AC is too much here; in Japan there are intelligent ventilation systems
JAPAN • Marketing Management Advice: • Very important to know the culture (it’s very important to exchange the business cards: you give them with both hands and take them with both hands) • More distance; they don’t like to touch each other; more privacy • Friendship between workers is very important • Younger generations love western culture and style (celebrating the wedding in a church (usually there are Zen-Buddhists))
JAPAN • Japanese are not very proud of their culture; they are ignorant (because of the island) • Japanese think that western states have more and better technology • But there are things that would never work: Wal-Mart and Ikea (because of the sizes)
JAPAN • Education: • Public universities are cheaper than here • But it’s very difficult to get in these universities • It’s easier to get in private universities, but they are more expensive than here in the US • At least $ 10,000,- a year • You also have to pay for High School • About $ 300- For one semester • Private Schools are more expensive
JAPAN • Not many scholarships for universities • But most people go there • Parents have to pay for everything • When you apply for a private School you have to pay $ 2000, otherwise you are not allowed to take the application test; also when you fail
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FRANCE • Name: Jean-Philippe Ravart • Language: French • Role of women in the workforce: • More and more women with key positions • Still most of these positions are taken by men; e.g. CEOs • French government: 3 female and 20 male politicians
FRANCE • Benefits provided to employees: • There are a lot of benefits: • 5 weeks of holidays • 35 hours / week • Lots of help: Christmas, Travelling, and Weddings
FRANCE • How managers treat their employees: • Very high power-distance between managers and employees (on the top of Hofstede’s list of distances between managers and employees) • Also in a university you don’t talk to your professors like here
FRANCE • General management practices: • Management is more vertical than horizontal; there are more levels of management for decisions • Everything you do will be controlled by a manager above you • French are kind of arrogant: “we like the power” • Not often teamwork, when there is teamwork, they try to eliminate the team members • French do not like to be proud, but they are
FRANCE • What were your greatest difficulties in adapting to this (US) culture? • Language • In France everything is more formal • You have to wear perfect suites in business • Everybody looks at you and judges you • Food is much better in variety and taste
FRANCE • Marketing Management Advice: • Image of the brand is very important • Image is power for the product’s owner • The brand is more important than the product itself • People always complain about products • Customer service is much more difficult • Take care what you advertise, because they will judge it when they see it • It’s hard to do research because there are so many different customer groups • But when you have divided the groups it’s easy to target
FRANCE • Education: • Everything is free • No student limits on university • Poor students get between $ 500-1000 every month for living when they are studying
ARGENTINA • Name: Mariano Balcarce • Language: Lunfardo (mix Italian and Spanish)
ARGENTINA • Culture of the workforce: • Argentina is a very European country. Their working laws are similar to those of Italy (35% of Argentina’s population), Spain (20% of population), German (20% of population), and French laws.
ARGENTINA • General management practices: • Unions are very strong, so once you’ve hired someone, it is very hard to fire that person. If you hire someone and they pass the 3-month period, you must keep that person for 2 years or pay double compensation.
ARGENTINA • What were your greatest difficulties in adapting to this (US) culture? • None in the Northern U.S.
ARGENTINA • Marketing Management Advice: • Do business with an open minded perspective
ARGENTINA • Education: • Education in Argentina is free, however every degree is seven years which is equivalent to a bachelors and masters in the United States.
