OIL

1. OIL By: Andy Ro Derek Rodriguez Jason Dimagiba

2. Source • Oils such as petroleum are pumped from the ground from natural rock sources. • Most scientists agree that oil comes from creatures the size of a pinhead. • These one-celled creatures, known as diatoms, aren't really plants, but share one very important characteristic with them - they take light from the sun and convert it into energy. 

3. Efficient & Cost • The cost of oil in the US has been constant in the past but today the price is constantly changing, plummeting up and down in the past few years and is expected to increase in the future. • In 2008 the price per barrel of oil reached a peak $150 per barrel(159 liters) then plummeted down to $30 a barrel in just a few months. In 2011 the estimated price for oil is around $100 a barrel. • Oil Efficiency varies on the type of use, for example oil efficiency for oil heaters tends to be higher than others like electric heaters but is still less efficient then gas. For Vehicles oil efficiency depends on the vehicle. Small cars with a good fuel economy are much more efficient than a big SUV or a sports car.

5. EquipmentExtraction & Use • Land where oil will be extracted from must be leveled and prepared for drilling. • Since water is needed for drilling the drill rigs must be close to a source of water. • Large drills that are capable of drilling thousands of miles drill into the surface, once the oil is hit the drill is removed and an oil rig is placed over the hole, a pipe is placed into the hole as a casing and then a pump is inserted allowing the rig to pump oil into barrels and then transported to refineries. • Oil is used for many things primarily for transport fuels. Gasoline, diesel fuels and others all contain oil that fuels planes, cars, boats and many other ways of transportation. • Petrochemicals made from oil used in many daily products like rubber, plastics and synthetic fibers.

8. Consumption/ Usage U.S. & World • In 2009 U.S. consumes 18,690,000 bbl/day. • In 2007 U.S. consumes 68.672 bbl/day per 1,000 people  • Total usage of oil from the world is 82,769,370.4 bbl/day

10. Some of the advantages of oil are: • Easily combustible, and produces high energy upon combustion helping in locomotion and in the generation of electricity and various other forms of energy  • Widely and easily distributed all over the world through rail and sea tankers • Comparatively inexpensive due to large reserves and easy accessibility • Good availability • Inexpensive  • Very large amounts of electricity can be generated in one place using oil, fairly cheaply.  • Oil-fired power stations are very efficient.  • An oil-fuelled power station can be built almost anywhere, as long as you can get large quantities of fuel to it.

11. Some of the disadvantages of oil are: • Oil is a non-renewable energy source that takes millions of years to form and therefore once existing and any new reserves are depleted there is no way to obtain more. • While oil is relatively easy to transport there are rare incidences when oil spills into the ocean resulting inevitably catastrophic effect on marine life, birds and coastlines is evident for many years. • Burning oil generates carbon dioxide, a “greenhouse gas”, which largely damages our environment. • Oil is neither as clean nor efficient in use as natural gas. • Locating additional oil reserves is an extremely costly ongoing process with no guarantee of success.