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The Cell SB1.a

The Cell SB1.a. Ned. What is the cell?. The basic unit of all forms of life. Living matter enclosed in a barrier. Who discovered the cell?. Robert Hooke – 1600’s. Cell Theory. The cell is considered the basic unit of structure and function in living things.

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The Cell SB1.a

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  1. The CellSB1.a Ned

  2. What is the cell? • The basic unit of all forms of life. • Living matter enclosed in a barrier.

  3. Who discovered the cell? • Robert Hooke – 1600’s

  4. Cell Theory • The cell is considered the basic unit of structure and function in living things. • All living things are composed of cells • New cells are produced from existing cells.

  5. Two basic types of cells • Prokaryotes • Eukaryotes

  6. Characteristics of ProkaryotesPro “no” • No nucleus • No membrane-bound organelles(little organs inside the cell)

  7. Characteristics of Prokaryotes • All prokaryotes are small and simple in structure. • All bacteria are prokaryotes. • All bacteria are unicellular-single celled organism.

  8. Characteristics of EukaryotesEu “do” • True nucleus • Membrane – bound organelles(little organs inside the cell)

  9. Characteristics of Eukaryotes • There are both unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes. • All eukaryotes are complex in structure. • All plants, animals, fungi and many microorganisms are eukaryotes.

  10. Two examples of eukaryotic structures • Plant cell • Animal cell

  11. Plant cells • Contain a variety of organelles • Differs from the animal cell by containing a cell wall and chloroplast • Oblong, rectangular-shaped

  12. Plant cell

  13. Animal Cell • Contain a variety of organelles • Differs from the plant cell by containing a centrioles • Circular, round-shape

  14. Animal cell

  15. Quiz • Name one statement of the cell theory. • Name one difference between a prokaryote and a eukaryote. • Name one difference between a plant cell and animal cell. • Give an example of an organism that is considered a prokaryote. • Give an example of an organism that is considered a eukaryote.

  16. Powerhouse Brain Garbage Makes Protein Synthesizes Lipids Jelly like substance Provides Structure Packages 9. Transports 10. Protects from the outside 11. Exists only in the plant Match the function with an organelle!

  17. Microscope Lab • Before we view true cells in the microscope we must learn how to use and identify one.

  18. Assignment • There are 13 slides of different types of cells placed at one of the microscopes around the room. • View cells and sketch one of them from each microscope. Large sketches. • Identify cell as being prokaryotic or eukaryotic. • If eukaryotic, identify cell as being a plant cell, animal cell, or neither.

  19. STOP

  20. Organelles of the cell and function • Nucleus – control center • Mitochondria - powerhouse

  21. Organelles of the cell • Endoplasmic Reticulum – protein production and transport

  22. Organelles of the cell • Ribosomes - Site of protein synthesis • Plastids(Chlorplasts)- site of Photosynthesis

  23. Organelles of the cell • Golgi bodies – packaging and distribution

  24. Organelles of the cell • Lysosomes – digestion, removal of wastes

  25. Organelles of the cell • Cilia and Flagella – locomotion (movement)

  26. Organelles of the cell • Cell Wall – protection and support. Gives shape to plants.

  27. Organelles of the cell • Centrioles – necessary for cell reproduction

  28. Processes of the cell • Nutrition • Digestion • Absorption • Transport

  29. Processes of the cell • Biosynthesis • Secretion • Respiration • Excretion

  30. Processes of the cell • Response • Reproduction • Photosynthesis

  31. Functions of the cell • Homeostasis

  32. What is Homeostasis? • The maintenance of a constant, stable environment internally • Body temperature

  33. How is this done? • Active Transport • Passive Transport

  34. Active TransportEnergy • Endocytosis- pinocytosis, phagocytosis • Exocytosis

  35. Passive Transport • Diffusion- high to low • Osmosis- diffusion of water

  36. Osmosis • HypOtonic solution • Hypertonic solution • Isotonic solution

  37. Solution • Solute- salt, sugar • Solvent- water • Solution Mixture or both solute and solvent

  38. Facilitated Diffusion • A particle going through a protein channel membrane.

  39. Plasmolysis • The shrinking of the plant cell away from the cell wall.

  40. Chemistry of the cell Atoms>molecules> macromolecules> organelles>cell>tissue> organs>systems>organism

  41. Chemistry of the cell • Living cells are made up of six kinds of elements: Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Sulfur, Phosphorous

  42. Cell Composition • Water – 70% • Proteins – 15% • Fats – 10% • Carbohydrates – 1% • DNA and other – 4%

  43. Photosynthesis • Light energy converted into chemical energy • Produce sugar and oxygen

  44. Respiration • Breakdown of sugar to produce energy.

  45. ATP – ADP cycle • ATP > ADP + P + Energy

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