Alcohol & drugs

1. Alcohol & drugs Supervisor (drugs)

2. Warning signs of substance abuse • Excessive absences/tardiness • Frequent requests for time off • Numerous accidents 1a

3. Warning signs of substance abuse • Pattern of accidents • Noticeable increase in medical insurance claims 1b

4. Warning signs of substance abuse • Unsatisfactory work performance • Lack of concentration/decreased productivity after lunch/breaks • Long lunch hours 1c

5. Warning signs of substance abuse • Non-work-related visits from other employees/strangers • Frequent trips to restroom/water fountain 1d

6. Warning signs of substance abuse • Frequent visits to vehicle/parking lot • Drowsiness, slurred speech, lack of coordination, inability to concentrate, nausea 1e

7. Warning signs of substance abuse • Agitation, rapid or slurred speech, dizziness, dilated pupils • Bloodshot eyes, runny nose • Drastic weight changes 1f

8. Warning signs of substance abuse • Marked change in mood, attitude, and behavior • Deterioration in personal grooming/hygiene 1g

9. Warning signs of substance abuse • Wearing sunglasses and long-sleeved shirts at inappropriate times • Frequent need to borrow money • Avoidance of supervisors 1h

10. Regulatory requirements • Section 382.307 • Section 382.603 2a

11. Regulatory requirements • Suspicion must be based on specific, contemporaneous, articulable observations concerning appearance, behavior, speech, or body odors 2b

12. Regulatory requirements • May include the chronic and withdrawal effects of controlled substances • Only one supervisor or company official is required to make the observations 2c

13. Regulatory requirements • May require a driver to submit to a drug test at any time reasonable suspicion exists while the driver is on duty 2d

14. Regulatory requirements • A written and signed record of observations must be completed within 24 hours of the observed behavior or before the results are released, whichever is first 2e

15. Symptoms of drug use • Eyes/facial expression • Speech • Body movements/coordination • Behavior • Other 3

16. Approaching a driver • Explain your concern • Require the driver to go for both alcohol and drug testing 4a

17. Approaching a driver • Explain that based on regulations and observations that the driver must be evaluated • Explain that a short health assessment will be done 4b

18. Approaching a driver • Do not allow the driver to drive • Driver should be accompanied by company official 4c

19. Additional approaches/difficult situations • Becomes defensive/denies your comments • Talks non-stop • Cries 5a

20. Additional approaches/difficult situations • Remains silent • Aggressive/belligerent • Uncooperative 5b

21. Marijuana • Alters the brain’s interpretation of incoming messages 6a

22. Marijuana • Leaves • Seeds • Hashish • Smells like a combination of sweet alfalfa and incense 6b

23. Signs and symptoms of marijuana use • Reddened eyes • Slowed speech • Distinctive odor on clothing • Lackadaisical attitude 7a

24. Signs and symptoms of marijuana use • Chronic fatigue/lack of motivation • Irritating cough • Chronic sore throat 7b

25. Health effects of marijuana use • Irritates lungs • One joint = ½ to 1 pack of cigarettes • Causes the heart to race 8a

26. Health effects of marijuana use • Respiratory and sinus infections • Lowers body’s immune system • Changes brain cells and brain waves 8b

27. Effects of marijuana on pregnancy • Stillborn births • Early termination of pregnancy • Higher infant mortality rate • Underweight newborn babies 9

28. Effects of marijuana on mental function • Delayed decision making • Diminished coordination • Impaired short-term memory • Impaired signal detection 10a

29. Effects of marijuana on mental function • Impaired tracking • Erratic cognitive function • Distortion in time estimation • “Acute brain syndrome” 10b

30. Effects of acute use or overdose of marijuana • Aggressive urges • Anxiety • Confusion 11a

31. Effects of acute use or overdose of marijuana • Fearfulness • Hallucinations • Heavy sedation 11b

32. Effects of acute use or overdose of marijuana • Immobility • Mental dependency • Panic 11c

33. Effects of acute use or overdose of marijuana • Paranoid reaction • Unpleasant distortions in body image 11d

34. Marijuana’s impact on the workplace • Long-term effect on performance 12

35. Cocaine • Used medically as an anesthetic • Energizes the entire central nervous system 13a

36. Cocaine • Fine powder • Small crystalline rock (“rock, crack, free base”) 13b

37. Signs and symptoms of cocaine use • Financial problems • Frequent/extended absences • Increased physical activity and fatigue 14a

38. Signs and symptoms of cocaine use • Isolation and withdrawal • Secretive behaviors 14b

39. Signs and symptoms of cocaine use • Frequent non-business visitors, delivered packages, phone calls • Unusual defensiveness, anxiety, agitation 14c

40. Signs and symptoms of cocaine use • Wide mood swings • Runny or irritated nose • Difficulty concentrating 14d

41. Signs and symptoms of cocaine use • Dilated pupils and visual impairment • Restlessness • Sensation of bugs crawling on skin 14e

42. Signs and symptoms of cocaine use • High blood pressure, heart palpitations, irregular rhythm • Hallucinations 14f

43. Signs and symptoms of cocaine use • Hyperexcitability and overreaction to stimulus • Insomnia • Paranoia 14g

44. Signs and symptoms of cocaine use • Profuse sweating • Dry mouth • Talkativeness 14h

45. Health effects of cocaine use • Regular use may upset the brain’s chemical balance 15a

46. Health effects of cocaine use • Causes the heart to beat faster • Strong psychological dependency 15b

47. Cocaine’s impact on the workplace • Instability • Lapses in attention • Theft/dealing 16a

48. Cocaine’s impact on the workplace • Violent behavior • Forgetfulness, absenteeism, tardiness, missed assignments 16b

49. Opiates • Alleviate pain • Depress body functions and reactions • Strong euphoric feeling 17a

50. Opiates • Opium • Morphine • Codeine • Heroin 17b