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French Absolutism

French Absolutism. The English Civil War (the Death of British Absolutism). Constitutionalism. The limitation of government by law. Implies a balance (not always 50/50) between the power and authority of the government vs. the rights and freedoms of the people. NOT FULLY DEMOCRATIC.

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French Absolutism

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  1. French Absolutism

  2. The English Civil War (the Death of British Absolutism)

  3. Constitutionalism • The limitation of government by law. • Implies a balance (not always 50/50) between the power and authority of the government vs. the rights and freedoms of the people. • NOT FULLY DEMOCRATIC

  4. Magna Carta1215

  5. Magna Carta • Rightsand protection of the people. PEOPLES POWER • Took power away from the King. KINGS POWER

  6. The British System (1500s) King • Was an Absolutist Parliament • Assisted the King • Collected Taxes • Issued money to the King. (Power of the Purse)

  7. Parliament in the 17th Century • Many members of Parliament were Puritans (Radicals). • Driven by Religious motivations (Wars of Religion) Puritan members of Parliaments wanted to rid the Anglican Church of any and all Catholic practices. • They felt that the Reformation was incomplete and wanted to simplify religious worship.

  8. Elizabeth I vs. Parliament • Pragmatist (Realist) • Protestant, but kept Catholic symbols and downplayed the role of sermons in defiance of a key Protestant belief. • Sought a Protestant solution that would address the desires of English Protestants, but would not offend Catholics too greatly. • Did not tolerate radical Puritans  • Act of Uniformity: made attendance at church and the use of an adapted version of the 1552 Book of Common Prayer compulsory.

  9. King James I (1566-1625) • King of England and Scotland. • Inherits a sizeable dept. • Problems with the English Parliament (House of Commons) who were looking to gain power over religious reform, foreign affairs, and royal expenditures. • New Idea: Political Power = Religious Reform • Created the King James Bible

  10. House of Commons were Capitalist ($$$)

  11. King Charles I (1600-1649) • Son of James I • Also runs into many unresolved problems with Parliament. (Puritans) • His actions lead to civil war.

  12. King Charles I vs. Everyone? • War with Scotland= The Petition of Right • War with Ireland. • Arguments with Parliament (Long Parliament) over money, religion, and illegal taxation. Unable to come to terms with Parliament, King Charles I raised his own army. Parliament countered with their own…Hence the English Civil War Begins!

  13. Death Warrant

  14. Charles Beheaded

  15. The Monarchy is no more

  16. Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658) • Takes control • Rules England as a Commonwealth (it was truly a religious/military dictatorship) • Read Handout.

  17. Cromwell’s Death

  18. The Restoration • Upon Cromwell’s death, the British, tired of life under a dictator, restore, or put back in place, the British royal family. • Charles II

  19. Cromwell’s Head

  20. Charles II (1630-1685) • Rules as a decent King. • Creates the “Cabal,” ministers that were liaisons between the King and Parliament. • Passes the Right of “Habeas Corpus” • More power to the people, less power from the King.

  21. Religious ProblemsStill Exist • Parliament believed that Charles II would continue to call Parliament into session. • Charles however signed a secret agreement with France for 200,000 annually! (in exchange for better treatment of British Catholics) • When the secret came out, Protestant Brits were furious! In addition, Charles had no true heir to the thrown.

  22. James II (1633-1701) • Catholic Brother to Charles II • Problemswith Parliament: • Flaunts his religion, appoints Catholic Bishops to government offices. • ‘Turning back the clock of the Reformation’ • Bigger Problem?

  23. Prince James Edward Stuart

  24. Glorious Revolution (1688) • Members of Parliament ask for James’ Protestant daughter (and her husband) to overthrow James and take the crown. • William and Mary accept • Bloodless overthrow

  25. Glorious Revolution • Mary and William sign the “Bill of Rights” • England becomes a Constitutional Monarchy • Parliament and King officially become partners in ruling. 50% - 50%

  26. John Locke • Government must protect the natural rights of Life, Liberty and Property. • If the government does not protect the people, the people have a right to rebel. • Econ. Freedom = Political Freedom.

  27. “Bill of Rights” • Freedom from royal interference with the law. • No taxation without parliament consent. • Freedom to petition the monarch. • Freedom from the standing army during a time of peace. • Freedom for Protestants to bear arms for their own defense, as suitable to their class and as allowed by law. • Freedom to elect members of parliament. • Freedom of speech in parliament. • Freedom from cruel and unusual punishment, as well as excessive bail. • Freedom from fine and forfeiture without a trial.

  28. James II escapes to France

  29. Classwork pg. 183 no.9 • Write a persuasive essay (3 paragraphs) for an underground newspaper designed to incite (provoke, spur or motivate) the British people to overthrow Charles I.

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