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The Atom

The Atom. Unit 2 Topic 1. Subatomic Particles. The smallest particle of an element that still has the properties of that element is the atom. Atoms are made up of subatomic particles called Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons.

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The Atom

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  1. The Atom Unit 2 Topic 1

  2. Subatomic Particles • The smallest particle of an element that still has the properties of that element is the atom. • Atoms are made up of subatomic particles called Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons. • Atoms of the same elementhave the same number of protons and atoms of different elements have a different number of protons.

  3. Protons continued • Therefore we use the number of protons to identify an element and call this the atomic number of the element. • The subatomic particles differ in their mass, charge, and relative position within the atom.

  4. Charge, Mass & Location

  5. Protons, Neutrons & Electrons # Protons If neutral then also # electrons Atomic Weight (Mass) = Weighted average of all known isotopes Mass Number = Mass of specific atom (Protons+Neutrons) Carbon-13 OR 13C ___ protons ___ neutrons Carbon-12 OR 12C ___ protons ___ neutrons

  6. Shape • An atom is basically spherical in shape with a dense positively charged nucleus containing the protons and neutrons • The nucleusis surrounded by electron clouds, which are at specific distances from the nucleus.

  7. Represent! • When you draw a representation of an atom, you must draw each particle in their correct positions • For neutral atoms (atoms which have no net charge), the number of protons must equal the number of electrons.

  8. Neutrality • When the number of protons equals the number of electrons, then the number of positive particles in the atom equals the number of negative particles in the atom. This results in the atom itself having no net charge (being neutral).

  9. Lithium - 7 • Ex: Li (atomic # 3) • # of protons = 3 • # of neutrons = 7- 3 = 4 • # of electrons = 3 • charge = (+3 – 3) = 0

  10. Nitrogen - 15 • Ex: C (atomic # 6) • # of protons = 7 • # of neutrons = 12- 6 = 8 • # of electrons = 7 • charge = (+7 – 7) = 0

  11. Neon - 20 • Ex: Ne (atomic # 10) • # of protons = 10 • # of neutrons = 20- 10 = 10 • # of electrons = 10 • charge = (+10 – 10) = 0

  12. 9Be 8Be+2 30P 31P-3

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