Mental Health Disorders

1. Mental Health Disorders

2. What is a mental health disorder? • An illness that affects the mind and prevents a person from being productive, adjusting to life situations, or getting along with others • Characterized by consuming thoughts orbehaviors that get in the way of “normal” life.

3. Mental Disorders in America • Mental disorders are common in the United States • about one in four adults suffer from a diagnosable mental disorder (57.7 million people). • about 6 percent, suffer from a serious mental • mental disorders are the leading cause of disability in the U.S. and Canada. • Many people suffer from more than one mental disorder at a given time. • Nearly half (45 percent) of those with any mental disorder meet criteria for 2 or more disorders

4. Depression/ Bipolar Video

5. What is Depression? Persistent and overwhelming sadness that lasts for a month or longer Types of Depression major depressive disorder ( 5 symptoms) dysthymic disorder (chronic with 2 symptoms) bipolar disorder Mood Disorders: Depression Retrieved from www.intellihealth.com

6. Symptoms sad mood loss of interest or pleasure in activities that were once enjoyed difficulty sleeping or oversleeping feelings of worthlessness or inappropriate guilt difficulty thinking or concentrating recurrent thoughts of death or suicide Mood Disorders: Depression

7. Mood Disorders: Depression • Causes of Depression • a combination of • Genetic (passed down through family) • Environmental (experiences in life, family situations, self-esteem) • Treatments • Psychotherapy • Anti-depressants Retrieved from www.intellihealth.com

8. Mood Disorders: Bipolar • Characteristics • causes a person’s mood to swing from excessively “high” and/or irritable to sad and hopeless, with periods of a “normal” mood in between • These periods may last from 1 day to 1 year • Treatments • Psychotherapy - Medications (Lithium) Retrieved from www.mhacolorado.com and www.cincinnattichildrens.org

9. Feeling "high," Overly happy or outgoing Extremely irritable Agitation, Feeling "jumpy" or "wired." Talking very fast, Jumping from one idea to another, Having racing thoughts Being easily distracted Being restless Increasing goal-directed activities, such as taking on new projects Not being able to sleep Having an unrealistic belief in one's abilities Behaving impulsively taking part in a lot of pleasurable,high-risk behaviors, such as spending sprees, impulsive sex, and impulsive business investments. Mood Disorders: Bipolar -Mania

10. Suicide Video • What are characteristics of someone considering suicide? • What leads to someone contemplating suicide? • Suicide is a ______________ Solution to a ________________ Problem! • What are some resources for individuals considering suicide or those identifying the symptoms in someone else?

11. What are characteristics of someone considering suicide? • Change in eating and sleeping patterns • Withdrawal from regular activities, as well as family and friends • Rebellious behavior, violence, running away • Drug and alcohol abuse • Neglect of one’s personal appearance • Noticeable change in personality • Drop in grades and quality of school work • Frequent physical complaints about stonach aches, headaches, and/ or fatigue (being really tired)

12. Intolerance of personal praise or rewards • Give away favorite possessions or throw away important belongings • Suddenly cheerful after an extended period of depression. • Say they feel “rotten inside” • Giving verbal hints • “You won’t have to put up with me much longer.” • “It’s no use” • “I won’t see you again”

13. What leads to someone contemplating suicide? • Depression - Long term emotional pain • Low Self Esteem - Traumatic events • Emotional pain that they feel they can’t handle/ deal with. • What are some resources for individuals considering suicide or those identifying the symptoms in someone else? • Hotlines - School Psychologist • Counselors - Pastor/Priest/etc • Teachers or other trusted adults

14. IF SOMEONE MENTIONS SUICIDE, ALWAYS TAKE THEM SERIOUSLY! • Those individuals don’t need you to necessarily “fix” them… they just need someone to listen and care! • Most of the time, suicide is about dealing with the PAIN rather than killing themselves… that’s just their solution to the pain.

15. Eating Disorders Video • Handout

16. Eating Disorders: Anorexia Anorexia nervosa: • Extreme thinness A relentless pursuit of thinness and unwillingness to maintain a normal or healthy weight • Intense fear of gaining weight • Distorted body image, a self-esteem that is heavily influenced by perceptions of body weight and shape, or a denial of the seriousness of low body weight • Extremely restricted eating.

17. Eating Disorders: Anorexia Characteristics • see themselves as overweight, even when they are clearly underweight. • Obsession about eating, food, and weight control. • weigh themselves repeatedly, • portion food carefully • eat very small quantities of only certain foods. ***Some people with anorexia nervosa may also engage in binge-eating followed by extreme dieting, excessive exercise, self-induced vomiting, and/or misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or enemas.

18. Eating Disorders: Anorexia Other symptoms may develop over time, including: • Thinning of the bones (osteopenia or osteoporosis) • Brittle hair and nails • Dry and yellowish skin • Growth of fine hair all over the body (lanugo) • Mild anemia and muscle wasting and weakness • Severe constipation • Low blood pressure, slowed breathing and pulse • Damage to the structure and function of the heart • Brain damage • Multiorgan failure • Drop in internal body temperature, causing a person to feel cold all the time • Lethargy, sluggishness, or feeling tired all the time • Infertility.

19. Eating Disorders: Bulimia • Characteristics • Tend to maintain an acceptable weight • Binging and Purging • Binging – eating unusually large amounts of food and feeling a lack of control over these episodes • Purging – behavior that compensates for the overeating such as forced vomiting, excessive use of laxatives or diuretics, fasting, excessive exercise, or a combination of these behaviors • Behaviors are done secretly because it is often accompanied by feelings of disgust or shame. The binge-eating and purging cycle happens anywhere from several times a week to many times a day.

20. Eating Disorders: Binging • Recurrent episodes of binge eating, characterized by eating an excessive amount of food within a discrete period of time and by a sense of lack of control over eating during the episode

21. Anorexia happens to men too! When she looks in the mirror she sees this person staring back at her.

22. Eating Disorders • Treatment • Anorexia • involves three main phases: • restoring weight lost to severe dieting and purging; • treating psychological disturbances such as distortion of body image, low self-esteem, and interpersonal conflicts • achieving long-term remission and rehabilitation, or full recovery • Bulimia • reduce or eliminate binge eating and purging behavior

23. Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder • Causes • Not known • Symptoms • distractibility • impulsivity • hyperactivity • interferes with the person's ability to function normally Retrieved from mentalhelp.net

24. ADHD/ ADD • What does it feel like? • I get caught up in different thoughts • My mind wanders really easy • It’s like you have 3 TV channels going on at the same time. • I constantly have to have something to do or be playing with. • Help/ Support • Be patient • Be empathetic • Try to understand what I’m going through.

25. ADHD Treatments Psychotherapy Medications Stimulants (low level) Addictions Statistics 4 percent of the US population has it. 1/2-2/3 of children with ADHD continue to have difficulties into adulthood. Normal vs. ADHD Retrieved from mentalhelp.net

26. Personality Disorders: Extreme and inflexible personality traits Patterns of thinking and behavior significantly differ from the expectations of society and are extremely rigid. antisocial personality disorder, obsessive-compulsive personality disorder paranoid personality disorder.

27. Personality Disorders: Antisocial Personality Disorder • Antisocial behavior in which there is • little concern for the rights of others • indifference to the moral or legal standards of the region or community. • manipulative • Exploitive (cruel, uses others as a door-mat) • Does not recognize that others exist or matter • Behavior patterns usually include • excessive drinking • fighting • irresponsibility

28. Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD) •  People with OCD have unwanted thoughts, while people with OCPD believe that their thoughts are correct. • OCD often begins in childhood while OCPD usually starts in the teen years or early 20s.

29. Anxiety Disorders Social Anxiety/ Phobia Disorder fear and anxietyin social situations, extreme shyness, timidity and concerns about being embarrassed in front of others. Symptoms include: Avoiding eye contact, Speaking softly, Trembling, Fidgetiness, and Nervousness Many children complain of headaches and stomachaches, and it is not unusual for them to miss school because of their fears May lead to depression

30. Anxiety Disorders: Panic Disorders Panic Disorders sudden and repeated attacks of fear that last for several minutes or longer. Causes Genetics - Stressful Life Events Treatment Therapy - Medications

31. Anxiety Disorders: Panic Disorders • People with panic disorder may have: • pounding or racing heart, - sweating • breathing problems - weakness • feeling hot or a cold chill - dizziness • tingly or numb hands - chest pain • stomach pain.

32. Anxiety Disorders: Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Individuals go through the day filled with exaggerated worry and tension, (even though there is little or nothing to provoke it.) **Sometimes just the thought of getting through the day produces anxiety. Causes GAD sometimes runs in families, but no one knows for sure why some people have it. Treatment Psychotherapy, medication, or both.

33. Anxiety Disorders: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) PTSD is an anxiety disorder that some people get after seeing or living through a dangerous event. Anyone can get PTSD at any age. - war veterans - accidents - abuse, - disasters - survivors of physical and sexual assault, *Some people get PTSD after a friend or family member experiences danger or is harmed. The sudden, unexpected death of a loved one can also cause PTSD. Treatments - Psychological Therapy - Medication

34. Anxiety Disorders: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) 1. Re-experiencing symptoms: • Flashbacks—reliving the trauma over and over, including physical symptoms like a racing heart or sweating • Bad dreams 2. Avoidance symptoms: • Staying away from places, events, or objects that are reminders of the experience • Feeling strong guilt, depression, or worry • Losing interest in activities that were enjoyable in the past • Having trouble remembering the dangerous event.

35. Anxiety Disorders: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) 3. Hyperarousal symptoms: • Being easily startled • Feeling tense or “on edge” • Having difficulty sleeping, and/or having angry outbursts. Children: • Bedwetting, when they’d learned how to use the toilet before • Forgetting how or being unable to talk • Acting out the scary event during playtime • Being unusually clingy with a parent or other adult. Most symptoms are triggered by something.

36. Anxiety Disorders • Obsessive Compulsive Disorder • suffer intensely from recurrent unwanted thoughts (obsessions) or actions (compulsions), which they feel they cannot control. The rituals are thought to prevent the thoughts. • Causes • Irregular brain activity patterns • Deficiency of serotonin • Treatments • Psychological Therapy • Medication Retrieved from www.mhacolorado.org and www.cincinnatichildrens.org

37. Thoughts (Obsessions) dirt, germs, or contamination repeated doubts violence, Need for order, symmetry, or exactness and attention to detail thoughts that are against personal religious beliefs excessive worrying Aggressive thoughts, impulses, and / or behaviors Anxiety Disorders - OCD Retrieved from www.mhacolorado.org and www.cincinnatichildrens.org

38. Rituals(Compulsions) repeated hand washing checking and rechecking repeatedly rigid rules of order hoarding objects counting and recounting grouping or sequencing objects repeating words spoken by self (palilalia) or others (echolalia); repeatedly asking the same questions Anxiety Disorders- OCD Retrieved from www.mhacolorado.org and www.cincinnatichildrens.org

39. Schizophrenia • Causes • Chemical imbalance in the brain • Symptoms • difficulty distinguishing between what is real and what is imaginary; • may be unresponsive or withdrawn; • may have difficulty expressing appropriate emotions in social situations.

40. Schizophrenia • Treatment • There is no cure. All they can do is try to reduce the symptoms in severity and frequency • Medications – anti-psychotics • Psychotherapy • Help regain functional skills • Relearn social skills • Specialized educational and/or structured activity programs

41. High functioning Autism • Severe social interaction and communication problems • tend to have a much higher Performance IQ (P-IQ) than Verbal IQ (V-IQ). • Avoid social contact • Not likely to feel embarrassed in social situations, • Relatively unconcerned by other people's opinions. 

42. Asperger's Syndrome • Have a really hard time with social interaction, • Few areas of interest and activities. • Average to above average IQ, • Doesn’t use the right words (in the right context or thoughtfully) when talking with others • Often speak in a monotone with little variety in their voice. • Have difficulty in interpreting and learning the skills of social and emotional interaction with others Sheldon from “The Big Bang Theory”

43. Treatment • Where do you even start? • First step is admittance/acceptance of the disorder’s control in your life. • Want help • It is very rare that a person not open to help or dedicated to healing will be treated successfully • Get support • It is never an easy process to break down barriers, so get people around you that can be positive, motivational, and will hold you accountable for your actions. • Set aside the time • Treatment is never a quick and easy process. • Know that it may take a while to defeat this disorder, but the victory will be worth it.

44. Who can I talk to? • There are many different types of professions that you can see for help depending on the disorder. • Family physician • Diablo Behavioral Health Care • Clergyperson (Pastor, Priest, Rabi, etc) • Independent Therapists • John Muir Mental Health Center/ Kaiser Mental Health Center • School Psychologist • Hotlines, crisis centers, and emergency rooms (call 411 for Directory Assistance)

45. Types of Treatment • Psychotherapy - talking face-to-face with a therapist. The following are a few of the types of available therapy: • Behavior Therapy – to change thinking patterns and behavior. • Psychoanalysis - Long-term therapy meant to "uncover" unconscious motivations and early patterns to resolve issues and to become aware of how those motivations influence present actions and feelings. • Cognitive Therapy - Seeks to identify and correct thinking patterns that can lead to troublesome feelings and behavior. • Family Therapy - Includes discussion and problem-solving sessions with every member of the family. • Group Therapy - Includes a small group of people who, with the guidance of a trained therapist, discuss individual issues and help each other with problems.