Highway Risk Mitigation through Systems Engineering

1. Highway Risk Mitigation through Systems Engineering

2. Terms and Definitions • Critical Infrastructure (CI) • System • Transportation CI • System of Systems (SoS) • Major Cities • City Boundary • Network

3. Terms and Definitions • Movement of Goods • Trucks • Peak Traffic • Normal Traffic • Other Traffic • Days of Operation

4. Terms and Definitions • Node • Arc  Link • Disconnect • Shortest Path • Steady State • Snapshot of System • Highway • Defined Links • Worst Link • Best Link

5. Objective • The objective of this dissertation is to develop a methodology, using a SE approach, and apply the methodology to a mathematical model, using performance metrics such as travel time and flow, to simulate the impacts K Links disconnects have on highway networks of major metropolitan cities for risk mitigation and resource allocation

6. Brief Literature Review • SE • Osmundson et al, The Journal of The International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE), 2004 • Tahan et al, The Journal of The INCOSE, 2005 • Bahill et al, The Journal of The INCOSE, 2005 • Blanchard et al, “Stems Engineering and Analysis”, 1990 • INCOSE, “Systems Engineering Handbook”, 2004 • Hazelrigg, “Sys. Eng.: An Approach to Information-Based Design” 1996 • Miller et al, “Systems Engineering Management”, 2002 • Stock et al, “Strategic Logistics Management”, 1993 • Ibarra et al, Conference for Systems Engineering, 2005 • Blanchard, “Logistics Engineering and Management”, 2004 • US Department of Homeland Security, “Budget in Brief, Fiscal Year 2005”

7. Brief Literature Review • Modeling • Osmundson et al, The Journal of The International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE), 2004 • Bahill et al, The Journal of The INCOSE, 2005 • Sathe et al, Transportation Research Board, 2005 • Jain et al, Transportation Science, 1997 • Arroyo et al, Transportation Research Board, 2005 • Rardin, “Optimizations in Operations Research”, 1998 • Rinaldi et al, IEEE Control System Magazine, 2001 • Murray-Tuite, Dissertation, 2003 • Yan et al, IEEE/ACM, 2000 • Orda et al, IEEE/AMC, 2003

8. Research Significance • Contribution: This dissertation provides officials a decision-making methodology and tool for resource allocation and risk mitigation • Metrics that measure the performance of the network given disconnects occurring • Ranking of K Links affecting the network the most

9. Information Flow Research Significance Network L1 L2 L3 • Output • Performance: • Travel Time/Throughput Input Single Disconnect; 1/0 I35W I35E Hwy 75 I30 L4 I=1 I20 I20 L9 L5 I=1 I35W I35E I45 • Variables • Temporal • Time of Day: I =1, 2, 3 (peak, norm, other) • Links: l =(i,j), [(i+1), (j+1)],…, (i+n, j+n) L8 L7 L6

10. Research Significance Example of Model: Performance for a General Metric OUTPUTS , …, Sum of Performance

11. Research Significance Example of Model OUTPUTS Worst K Links = {2,11}, …, {1,12} affecting the Transportation CI the most Performance Best Links 0 is threshold

12. Research Significance • Decision Making Methodology and Tool

13. The Systems Engineering Process System Solution System Requirements Functional Analysis V System Objective Validate & Verify Simulation Processing Time City Boundary Simulation Processing Time Section of City Small Network Enumeration Actual Model

14. The Systems Engineering Process • Defining the System – System of Systems

16. The Systems Engineering Process • Need Analysis • Stakeholders • City • State and Federal • Business • Society

17. The Systems Engineering Process • Requirements • Mission Definition • Performance and Physical Parameters • Use Requirements

18. The Systems Engineering Process • Transportation CI SoS • INPUT • Disconnects • Hrs of Op. • PROCESS • Mathematical • model • OUTPUT • Performance Components Perf. of Defined Links Efficiently Finding K Links Movement of Goods Relationships • Flow • Distance • Links • Nodes • Efficiency • of model • Disconnects • Hours of • operation Attributes

19. The Systems Engineering Process • Ground Rules and Assumptions • Highway • Major Cities • Steady State • Disconnect • Shortest Path • Snapshot of System

20. The Systems Engineering Process • Metrics • Performance of Network • Travel Time • Throughput

21. The Systems Engineering Process • Model • Most naive process • Disconnect Link (Ai,j) subject to Time (tn) • Simulate Network Performance • Connect Link (Ai,j) • Repeat until all links tested

22. The Systems Engineering Process • Model (Continued) • Objective • Performance of Network based on Defined Links • Constraints • Mathematical model of how the system responds to changes in variables • Variables • Time of Day • Disconnected Links

23. Time, Flow Example of Model: Effects of Disconnect on Link (a,b) D Avg. T = 2.5 Min/Veh

24. The Systems Engineering Process Example of Model

25. Validation and Verification The Systems Engineering Process • SE Approach • Integrations Process • Verify and Validate Requirements • Model • Small Network • Enumeration • Efficiency of Model V

26. Conclusion • Transportation CI is important • To individuals’ way of life • To companies’ way of doing business • Proposed a Methodology using a Mathematical Model to Determine Impact of K Links Disconnects have on the Defined Links of a Network for risk mitigation and resource allocation

27. Conclusion • Research Significance • Society: A Methodology and Tool for Officials to use in the Decision Making Process • Engineering: Systems Engineering Approach for Solving Complex Systems