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Understanding Motion, Velocity, and Momentum in Physics

Learn about motion, speed, displacement, velocity, acceleration, and momentum in this comprehensive physics lesson. Understand graphing motion terms, velocity, momentum formula, inertia, and more.

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Understanding Motion, Velocity, and Momentum in Physics

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  1. Chapter 1 Motion and Momentum SEC. 1 What is Motion?

  2. The Students Will: • Define Speed, velocity and displacement • Graph Motion

  3. Terms to Know • Speed • Average Speed • Instantaneous Speed • Velocity • Distance • Displacement

  4. What is Motion? • Movement--------- changes in position • Requires a point of reference (starting point)

  5. What is Distance? • The length of the route one travels Ex. Distance from your house ------ school Expressed in Meters (m)/ Kilometers (km)

  6. What is Displacement? • Includes thedistancebetween the starting and ending points, and the direction in which you travel. Ex. 40 m east

  7. What is Speed? • The distance traveled divided by the time taken to travel the distance is called speed. S= distance (meters) time (seconds)

  8. A passenger train travels from Boston to New York a distance of 350 km in 4 hours. What is the train’s speed?

  9. If the car travels 400 m in 20 seconds how fast is it going?

  10. Bart ran 5000 meters from the cops and a speed of 6 meters/second before he got caught. How long did he run?

  11. If it takes Ashley 3 seconds to run from the batters box to first base at a speed of 6.5 meters per second, what is the distance she covers in that time?

  12. 2 Kinds of Speed • Average Speed - The total distance traveled divided by the total time taken. • Instantaneous Speed -the speed of an object at one instant of time.

  13. Distance Time Graph -Represents the motion of an object

  14. What is Velocity? The speed of an object and the direction of its motion is called velocity.

  15. Sec. 2ACCELERATION -

  16. What is Acceleration? • The change in velocity divided by the time it takes for the change to happen. -happens when an object speeds up or slows down.

  17. 3 Ways to Accelerate: SPEEDING UP SLOWING DOWN CHANGING DIRECTION

  18. Formula: Acceleration= final speed (m/s) – initial speed (m/s) time (s) a = sfi – si t

  19. ACCELERATION NEGATIVE -OBJECT SLOWS DOWN POSITIVE -OBJECT SPEEDS UP ZERO -SPEED DOES NOT CHANGE

  20. SPEED TIME GRAPH

  21. Acceleration Problems 1. A roller coaster car rapidly picks up a speed as it rollsdown a slope. As it starts down the slope, its speed is 4 m/s . But 3 seconds later, at the bottom of the slope, its speed is 22 m/s. What is its acceleration?

  22. 2. A cyclist accelerates from 0 m/s to 8 m/s in 3 seconds. What is his acceleration? Is this acceleration higher than that of a car which accelerates from 0 to 30 m/s in 8 seconds?

  23. SEC 3 MOMENTUM

  24. The Students will: • Explain the relationship between mass and inertia. • Define Momentum • Solve problems using the Momentum Formula

  25. Terms to Know: • Mass • Inertia • Momentum

  26. What is Mass? • The amount of matter in an object is called Mass. • Units-kilograms (kg)/grams (g), pounds (lbs)

  27. The tendency of an object to resist change (position, movement) is called inertia. --objects with mass – inertia

  28. What is Momentum? The measure of how hard it is to stop the motion of an object is called Momentum Momentum (p) = mass (kg) x velocity (m/s) p = mv

  29. Law of Conservation of Mass: • The total momentum of the objects that collide is the same before and after the collision.

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