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Critical Minerals

Critical Minerals. Schedule. Perlite mine-Field trip report due April 12 Company handout on my web page No Class April 12 Field April 4--Noon Bureau parking lot, Lemitar carbonatites Field April 22 NMGS Spring meeting April 15 Need to reschedule April 26 class to April 25 (Mon)

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Critical Minerals

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  1. Critical Minerals

  2. Schedule • Perlite mine-Field trip report due April 12 • Company handout on my web page • No Class April 12 • Field April 4--Noon Bureau parking lot, Lemitar carbonatites • Field April 22 • NMGS Spring meeting April 15 • Need to reschedule April 26 class to April 25 (Mon) • commodities presentation by students on April 25 • project presentations on May 3 • Final and project report due May 10

  3. The US is 80% dependent for supply of 31 minerals.This dependency implies criticality.

  4. All minerals have the potential to be critical Essential in use and subject to supply risk Differs over the short term, moderate term, and long term Essential for industry and emerging technologies and few or no substitutes exist http://www.nma.org/pdf/101606_nrc_study.pdf

  5. Strategic minerals • National security and military needs or requirements during national emergencies

  6. REE U Be Cr Co Mn Ge PGM Ta Sn W Zn Al Bi B Cd Cu F Ga Hf In Pb DOD http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12028

  7. Indium Germanium Tantalum PGM Tellurium Cobalt Lithium Gallium REE Green minor metals—basis for cleaner technology innovation http://www.unep.fr/shared/publications/pdf/DTIx1202xPA-Critical%20Metals%20and%20their%20Recycling%20Potential.pdf

  8. Lithium Cobalt Gallium REE, Y Indium Tellurium Minerals required for clean energy technologies http://www.energy.gov/news/documents/criticalmaterialsstrategy.pdf

  9. Antimony Beryllium Cobalt Fluorspar Gallium Germanium Graphite Indium Magnesium Niobium PGM REE Tantalum Tungsten European Union http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/raw-materials/files/docs/report-b_en.pdf

  10. What are green technologies? • Environmental technologies or clean technologies • Future and existing technologies that conserve energy and natural resources and curb the negative impacts of human involvement, i.e. environmental friendly (modified from Wikipedia) • Alternative power (wind turbines, solar energy) • Hybrid and electric cars • Batteries • Magnets • Other technologies • Water purification • Desalination • Carbon capture and storage

  11. Major Uses

  12. http://www.nma.org/pdf/101606_nrc_study.pdf

  13. Toyota Prius 2.2 lbs Nd in magnets 22-33 lbs La in batteries http://www.molycorp.com/hybrid_ev.asp

  14. Aerospace http://www.nma.org/pdf/101606_nrc_study.pdf

  15. Photovoltaics Ken Zweibel, GW Solar Institute, “Minerals for a Green Society”, Metallurgical Society of America, Feb 4, 2010

  16. Photovoltaics Ken Zweibel, GW Solar Institute, “Minerals for a Green Society”, Metallurgical Society of America, Feb4, 2010

  17. Photovoltaics Ken Zweibel, GW Solar Institute, “Minerals for a Green Society”, Metallurgical Society of America, Feb 4, 2010

  18. Automotive Electronics Appliances Medical Military Aerospace Automation Wind turbines Fe Sm-Co Nd-Fe-B Cu-Ni-Fe Fe-Cr-Co Al-Ni-Co Permanent Magnets

  19. Wind turbines

  20. Indium in solar panels • 50 metric tons required for enough solar panels to provide 1 gigawatt of energy • $500/kg in 2009 • 2008—US used 800 megawatts of energy by solar panels connected to the grid (0.1% total US energy) • 600,000 metric tons reserves in the world in 2009 • Zinc sulfide deposits • Tin-tungsten veins • Porphyry copper deposits

  21. Issues

  22. http://www.slideshare.net/Tehama/john-kaiser

  23. http://www.slideshare.net/Tehama/jack-vancouverjan2011

  24. http://www.nma.org/pdf/101606_nrc_study.pdf

  25. Criticality Index http://www.nma.org/pdf/101606_nrc_study.pdf

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