Welcome to Biotechnology

1. Welcome to Biotechnology 2nd Period – Mr. Young Please pick up the materials on the table, look around if you’d like, and find a seat

2. Why use a Lab Notebook… "In the United States, the first person to conceive and show diligence to develop an invention, product, or process is awarded the patent for that product or process. Notebooks that are properly prepared, maintained, and witnessed are legal evidence of conception and diligence to practice an invention” In short, notebooks can be used for legal proof of ownership. In an industry where billions of dollars are tied to new pharmaceuticals and devices, maintaining proper records is critical. In this class, we will model, to the best of our abilities, keeping a proper laboratory notebook.

3. Setting up you Laboratory NB… • Title Page: Biotechnology Laboratory Notebook Your Name A&M Consolidated High School Period #2 Fall 2013 - Spring 2014 • Number each page after the title page just like your INB. • The first few pages will be your table of contents • Glue in your LNB Guidelines on the back of the title page. • Writing Effective Experiment Conclusion will be glued across from LNB Guidelines • Glue the Unit 1 Lab Rubric at the end of the TOC • You will begin writing up the first lab after the rubric

4. Laboratory NB Guidelines • Use the notebook for all lab activities. Keep notes/worksheets in a separate binder. Do not use the notebook for other classes/subjects. • Number every page. Date and sign your name at the end of an experiment. • Use only blue or black pen. No pencil! • Do not erase, scribble out mistakes or use white-out. Cross out mistakes with a single line, like this: the temperature was kept at 37°C • Add all sections, procedures, and details required by the teacher.

5. Laboratory NB Guidelines • Avoid abbreviations and codes when possible. Standard abbreviations such as °C for "degrees Celsius" is acceptable. • At times, computer-generated graphs or pictures may be necessary to add. Use glue stick for attaching these items.  • Write/print clearly and legibly. • Skip lines between data tables, graphs, and important conclusions to make it easier to read. • Your notebook will be collected periodically for grading purposes.

6. Writing labs in your LNB… • Summarize the Background in your own words. Make sure to include any details • Write down the procedure. Do not write word for word. You can use a numbered list or a flow chart. • you may not use my printed directions during the lab. You must write the procedures well enough to follow the directions correctly • Any information in a box needs to be written in a box in your lab notebook and emphasized.

7. Writing labs in your LNB… • Make sure to leave enough room for data tables. • All data must be presented in a data table. Can also be recorded in procedure for ease during lab. (see teacher LNB pg 10) • All graphs and tables should be glued or taped in your lab notebook. No loose papers • Many labs will be done back to back. Leave plenty of room for data analysis and the conclusion. If you run out of room add a page extension.

8. Bellwork: 08/29/2013 1. List and describe the steps in the scientific method? (I’m sure you’ve heard/learned this a million times so I’ll only go over it once & briefly)

9. Bellwork: 08/27/2013 • What is the most common cause of injury in a student laboratory? (very broad answer) • What is the first thing you should do if there is an accident in the lab? • Where do we meet as a class during a fire drill?

10. Scientific Method • Not so much a list of steps as a set of questioning guidelines • State a testable scientific question based on scientific information or observation • Usually arises from a previous experiment • Develop a testable hypothesis • A statement that attempts to answer the question being asked • Also implies how to test and what type of data should be collected

11. Scientific Method • Plan a valid experiment • Usually composed of: • Quantitative (numerical) data • Multiple replications (several traits) • A single manipulated variable (what is being tested) • Control groups: • Positive: one to give predicted result, you know it does what you want to see • Negative: one to give lack of a result, you know it does not do what you want to see

12. Scientific Method • Conduct the experiment • Collect and organize data into tables, charts or graphs or graphics • Draw a conclusion based on data and error analysis • Also usually suggest any further experiment and applications • Error Analysis is important – every experiment has some kind of error (we do not live in a perfect world)

13. Scientific Method • Sharing data in the science world • Usually shared in journals (online and in print)

14. Bellwork: 09/02/2013 • If you didn’t send your safety pictures in on Friday, do so now (myoung@csisd.org). • Take a moment to review your lab rubric & turn your lab notebook in to be graded. • What is biotechnology? Give some examples of historical products that have been created in the past (think hundreds or thousands of years ago), and that have been created relatively recently.

15. A) What is Biotechnology? • The use of living organisms for human benefit to make a product or solve a problem • In the past we have modified whole organisms to solve a problem • Recently we have started to modify just cells or molecules to solve a problem

16. A) What is Biotechnology? Ancient Biotechnology • Focused on food production • Brought plants in from the wild and planted near caves (where they lived) • Very little food preservation

17. A) What is Biotechnology? Classical Biotechnology • Used ancient methods like fermentation to preserve foods • Breads, cheese, yogurt, alcohols • These products tended to last longer than usual Making Yogurt Bread making in Egypt

18. A) What is Biotechnology? Modern Biotechnology • Began to manipulate genetic material • Domestication of animals and plants • Selective breeding or animals and plants to increase the desired traits • From wild mustard we get: cauliflower, broccoli, cabbage & kale • Involves manipulating organisms or genes at a microscopic level

19. Artificial Selection: In 10,000 Years

20. Artificial Selection

21. B) Common Biotechnology Products • Antibiotics • Leather • Biodegradable plastics • Biofuel • Vaccines • Pharmaceuticals

22. C) Careers in Biotech • Fast growing industry • Education requirements • A lab position may require a 2 year technical degree or a 4 year bachelor degree • The higher the position and more decision making power, the higher the degree required • Many positions are non scientific: • Sales, marketing, human resources, regulation, legal and administrative staff

23. C) Careers in Biotech Scientific Non-Scientific • Research and development (R&D) • Manufacturing and production • Clinical research • Quality control • Information systems • Marketing and sales • Regularity affairs • Administration/legal affairs

24. Biotechnology Timeline Activity • Below are the assignments of the years you and your partner will be researching and presenting • Pre 1920s • 1920-1949 • Early & Late 50s • 1960s & 1970s • 1980s • 1990-2000s

25. Writing and Effective Experiment Conclusion • 3 Parts: REE, PE, PA • REE: results with evidence and explanation • Answer the purpose question • Give data to support your answer • Explain support or refute for the hypothesis • PE: possible errors • Experimental error (do not include things such as measuring wrong or calculation wrong) • Good error: something inherent in the experiment that may not be as efficient as possible • Give recommendations to improve the experiment, ways to fix the error

26. Writing and Effective Experiment Conclusion • PA: practical application • What is an application of the experiment • How are the finding valuable • What can it do/mean for the future • Each conclusion must follow the rubric, if you fail to write an effective conclusion you will be required to rewrite the conclusion.

27. G) Bioethics • The study of decision making as it applies to moral decisions that need to be made because of advances in biology, medicine and technology • Morality is the ability to distinguish between right and wrong • But not everyone’s morals are the same • Ex: Vegans think it is immoral to eat meat & animal products, not every agrees • We will discuss various topics through they year

28. G) Bioethics • Strategies for value clarification: • A strategy for examining a bioethical issue to clarify the value one holds • Identify and understand the problem or issue, learn as much as possible about the issue • List all possible solutions to the issue • Identify the pros & cons of adopting each solution • Examine the consequences of adopting one solution over another • Consider legal, financial, medical, personal, social and environmental aspects

29. Activity: Bioethics: Using Animals in Science and Industry • You will be determining and ultimately sharing your opinions on using animals in science and in the industry. • You will work individually with out talking to anyone and follow the directions to fill out the animals in industry chart and complete steps 1-3 • This chart will be glued to the next left hand page in your INB • We will proceed to step 4 when every one is ready

30. Bioethics: Discussion guidelines • As some one is explaining their position do not interrupt them. • After each person has had their 2 minutes to present their position, each member will have 1 minute to respond. It is that persons choice to either make a statement or engage in a discussion. • Remember, every one is entitled to their own opinion, you may not agree but you must be respectful!

31. Exploring Biotech Careers • Part 1: you will be researching the educational requirements of a biotechnology program • You will answer the 3 questions listed • Part 2: You will research a specific career in the biotechnology field • All answers and information should be posted on the next available left hand page in your INB. • Finish for homework if you are not already done.

32. Safety Lab Info: • All parts of this lab should be written in complete sentences. • Procedure Part One: #8 will not be found in the laboratory, but you must still name it, explain its use and any safety precautions associated. • #20 = Glass Stir rod • Review Part Two, #1 • Part 4: myoung@csisd.org

33. D) Laboratory Notebooks • Considered to be a legal document • Must be bound and all observations should be kept in the same journal • Can be used to back up experimental procedure or patent information • Must be done in pen (pencil can be erased and changed) • Mistakes should not be blotted out – a line will allow for mistakes/changes to be seen.

34. Pre-Lab: Lab Safety & Equipment • Summarize background info in your own words. • May be in bullets • Summarize basic safety rules… DO NOT LEAVE ANYTHING OUT!!!! • Part I: You should cut and glue in the pictures of the equipment before lab. • Part II: Make sure to leave enough room for each question. There is no conclusion or data analysis for this lab.

35. Function of Lab Equipment 1. Measuring an exact volume of liquid 2. Used for filtration or the delivery of liquids between containers 3. Tube used to hold microvolumes (up to ~2 mL) 4. Used to heat up substances at a constant temperature 5. Used to heat materials in lab (uses gas jet at the lab bench) 6. Used to find the mass of materials. 7. Disposable ends placed on micropipettes 8. Commonly used bottle to make solutions or media 9. Tube used to hold small volumes (up to ~50 mL) 10. Used to shake/mix tubes 11. Used to transfer solid chemicals between containers 12. Used for holding multiple reagents. 13. Used to measure microvolumes of liquid 14. Used to transfer liquids in small volumes (up to ~50 mL) 15. This attaches to a pipette to provide suction 16. Used to hold liquids when a smaller opening is preferred 17. The most common vessel for holding/pouring liquids 18. Used to spin liquids down at high RPMs 19. Used to stir liquids 20. Used to heat up/ evaporate liquids 21. Used to check the temperature of a substance 22. Must be worn for each lab to protect your eyes

36. Pre Lab: Cheese Production: The Evolution of Cheese Making Technology • Background: Summarize in your own words • Hypothesis: you do not always have a hypothesis, but make sure you fill in the blanks with YOUR prediction • Write the procedure, make sure not to leave out any necessary details. • When it asked you to record something I suggest you highlight that action and make a place for that information (see teacher LNB pg 10) • This information still needs to be included in the data table

37. Pre Lab: Cheese Production: The Evolution of Cheese Making Technology • If there is a picture or graphic of a setup you should sketch this in your notebook for reference during the lab. • Make sure to leave room for data in the data table. • I suggest leaving a little more than you think because often you must correct your numbers after the fact • You will be printing graphs in data analysis, these MUST be glued or taped into your notebook. They must be attached, they can not float around. • Be sure to label the axis and give the graph a title.

38. One Pager: Review • On the left page across from the Table of Contents for Unit 1, complete a “one pager” for the unit. It must include the following: • A title describing the Major Concept • The specific Chapter or Unit being covered • A large DIAGRAM with a BORDER – Multiple Colors must be used to reflect major concepts and key information. The border must reflect aspects of the unit, concepts, vocabulary or real life applications. • A TEN WORD caption for the diagram must be written below the diagram. The caption must summarize the diagram’s key concept. • A summary of at least ten sentences explaining the major concepts of the reading or unit must be written. • At least five key terms must be used and highlighted in the summary/explanation. • An explanation of a word or idea to demonstrate an understanding of the information must be included. • There must be a QUESTION BOX. Inside the Question Box must be at LEAST two (2) higher-level questions for further. There must be an explanation of WHY each question was selected after each question is written. • Something creative (your choice) showing or explaining how the information relates to some aspect of your life.