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Green Infrastructure in Mitigating Extreme Summer Heat 13 th November 2012 Dong Chen

Green Infrastructure in Mitigating Extreme Summer Heat 13 th November 2012 Dong Chen CSIRO Ecosystems Sciences, Melbourne, Australia. Background. Urban Heat Island (UHI) + Heat Waves + Global Warming Extreme summer peak Thermal stress Mortality rate CO 2 emissions ……

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Green Infrastructure in Mitigating Extreme Summer Heat 13 th November 2012 Dong Chen

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  1. Green Infrastructure in Mitigating Extreme Summer Heat 13th November 2012 Dong Chen CSIRO Ecosystems Sciences, Melbourne, Australia

  2. Background • Urban Heat Island (UHI) • + Heat Waves • + Global Warming • Extreme summer peak • Thermal stress • Mortality rate • CO2 emissions …… • Strategies for mitigating the impact ? • Greening ? • Cool roofs ? • Public infrastructure ?

  3. The Greening City Project Investigate the potential of green coverage on mitigating the summer peak temperature • Tree canopies and Vegetation • Gardens and parklands • Green roof

  4. Observations Urban heat island observations in Summer 2009 in Melbourne using satellite images

  5. Average Daytime Land Surface Temp around 4pm

  6. Average Nighttime Land Surface Temp around 3am

  7. Average Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)

  8. NDVI and Daytime LST (Land Surface Temp) in 2009

  9. Health Impact of Extreme Summer Heat Mortality rate analysis using 22 year data from 1988-2009 in Brisbane, Melbourne and Sydney

  10. Mortality Rate vs Temperature (Brisbane)

  11. Mortality Rate vs Temperature (Melbourne)

  12. Mortality Rate vs Temperature (Sydney)

  13. Potential reduction in mortality rate 0.5C reduction in the maximum and minimum temperature • ~30% reduction in heated related mortality rate in Melbourne • ~50% reduction in heated related mortality rate in Sydney • ~50% reduction in heated related mortality rate in Brisbane 1.0C reduction in the maximum and minimum temperature • ~50% reduction in heated related mortality rate in Melbourne • ~80% reduction in heated related mortality rate in Sydney • ~70% reduction in heated related mortality rate in Brisbane

  14. Green coverage in mitigating summer peak temp Potential in mitigating summer peak temperature using urban climate model (TAPM UCM developed by CSIRO)

  15. Methodology • TAPM-UCM (Thatcher and Hurley 2012) • 1km grids • Average Summer Daily Maximum Temperature (ASDMT) • Replace CBD with various urban and vegetation schemes (2009) • Medium Urban • Leafy Urban • Grassland • Bush land • Low density forest • CBD with double vegetation and/or green roofs • A2 scenario using the GFDL2.1 model • 2050 • 2090 Thatcher M. and Hurley P. 2012. Simulating Australian urban climate in a mesoscale atmospheric numerical model. Boundary-Layer Meteorology. 142, 149-175.

  16. Predicted average summer daily maximum temperature reduction for 2009 (CBD as reference) • Source: D.Chen, Mitigating Extreme Summer Temperatures with Vegetation, Hort Journal, June 2012 Issue no.5.

  17. Methodology • TAPM-UCM (Thatcher and Hurley 2012) • 1km grids • Average Summer Daily Maximum Temperature (ASDMT) • Replace CBD with various urban and vegetation schemes (2009) • Medium Urban • Leafy Urban • Grassland • Bush land • Low density forest • CBD with double vegetation and/or green roofs • A2 scenario using the GFDL2.1 model • 2050 • 2090 Thatcher M. and Hurley P. 2012. Simulating Australian urban climate in a mesoscale atmospheric numerical model. Boundary-Layer Meteorology. 142, 149-175.

  18. Predicted average summer daily maximum temperature for 2009, 2050, 2090 • Source: D.Chen, Mitigating Extreme Summer Temperatures with Vegetation, Hort Journal, June 2012 Issue no.5.

  19. Predicted average summer daily maximum temperature reduction for 2009, 2050 and 2090 • Source: D.Chen, Mitigating Extreme Summer Temperatures with Vegetation, Hort Journal, June 2012 Issue no.5.

  20. Findings from Melbourne Study • Suburb areas are around 0.5C cooler; • A leafy suburb area around 0.7C cooler; • A parkland (such as grassland, shrub-land and sparse low forest) or rural area may be around 1.5, 2C cooler; • Doubling the CBD vegetation coverage may reduce 0.3C ASDM temperature; • 50% green roof coverage of the CBD area may result in 0.4C ASDM temperature reduction; • ASDM temperature reduction of around 0.7C may be achievable by doubling the CBD vegetation coverage and having 50% green roof coverage in the CBD area. • If urban forms do not change, these relative potentials in summer maximum temperature reduction will be the same under Global warming.

  21. Urban vegetation on indoor thermal environment Cadot et al. (2007) reported that 74% of excess deaths during the 2003 summer heat wave in Paris occurred among those who were living at home. How about in Melbourne ? Cadot E., Rodwin V.G. and Spira A. 2007. In the heat of the summer: lessons from the heat waves in Paris. J Urban Health, 84(4), 466–8.

  22. Urban vegetation on indoor thermal environment • A detached house, a semi-detached townhouse; an apartment • Rotate in north, east, south andwest; • Ambient temperature modified by various vegetation schemes • North East South West

  23. Urban vegetation on indoor thermal environment

  24. The Greening City research team Guy Barnett1, Matt Beaty1, Dong Chen1, CunRui Huang4, Anthony Kachenko3, YongBing Khoo1, Robert Price3, Zhengen Ren1, Marcus Thatcher2, Shilu Tong4, Chi-hsiang Wang1, Xiaoming Wang1 1CSIRO Climate Adaptation Flagship and CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, Melbourne 2CSIRO Climate Adaptation Flagship and CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, Melbourne 3 Nursery & Garden Industry Australia, Sydney 4 Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane • Project funded by • Horticulture Australia Limited using the Nursery Industry Levy (Project # NY11013) and CSIRO Climate Adaptation Flagship.

  25. Thanks Dong Chen Leader of Climate Adaptation Engineering Climate Adaptation Flagship Phone: +61 3 9252 6056 Email:Dong.Chen@csiro.au Web:www.csiro.au/org/ClimateAdaptationFlagship

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