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Connective Tissue

Connective Tissue. Loose, Dense, Specialized. Basement Membrane. Collagen – 68nM banding pattern and thick bundles in cross section. Mesenchymal Cells – Primitive cells of connective tissue. Dense, Irregular Connective Tissue – More Fibers than cells.

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Connective Tissue

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  1. Connective Tissue Loose, Dense, Specialized

  2. Basement Membrane

  3. Collagen – 68nM banding pattern and thick bundles in cross section

  4. Mesenchymal Cells – Primitive cells of connective tissue

  5. Dense, Irregular Connective Tissue – More Fibers than cells

  6. Irregular Connective Tissue – Multiple Cells, fibers present

  7. White Adipose Development • Mesodermal or neural crest derived mesenchymal cells associated with adventitia of small venules • Fibroblast-like cells determined as lipoblasts • Lipoblasts deposit ECM and gather lipid, filling mature cell and compressing nucleus, cytoplasm and organelles into characteristic adipocyte shape • Isolated adipocytes spherical; may appear polyhedral or ovoid in tissues, surrounded by cytoplasm and a small amt of CT • Lipid is not membrane bound (unlike multilocular adipocytes, which have multiple fat-containing vacuoles) • Mobilization of fat depends on neural or hormonal stimulus • Triglycerides mobilized to glycerol and fatty acids; FA enter capillary for use as energy source

  8. Metabolism of Fat from Adipocytes b Adrenergic Receptors on Fat Cells Hormone Sensitive Lipase FA + Glycerol Insulin Adapted from Horn, 2006

  9. Adipose – H & E

  10. Ultrastructure of Adipose

  11. Brown Adipose – Multilocular, Thermogenic

  12. Heat Generation Uncoupled From ATP Pdtn • Nervous system stimulation • Lipid mobilized, fatty acid oxidized • UCP-1 moves H+ across inner mitochondrial membrane, dissipating proton gradient for ATP pdtn • Energy freed as heat

  13. Cartilage • Chondrocytes in an avascular extensively specialized matrix • Weight bearing, shock absorbing, porous • Three kinds – Hyaline, Elastic, Fibrous • Differential ECM deposition aids in function

  14. Hyaline Cartilage • Chondrocytes in isogenous groups • TM vs ITM reflects differential matrix distribution • Ground Substance= Collagen II, PG (HA, CSulfate, KerSulfate) • Proteins (eg., tenascin, FN) • Highly hydrated (assists in weight bearing) • Model for Indirect (Endochondral) Ossification • Perichondrium = source of growth (DR connective tissue) • Proliferation of chondrocytes may also be via interstitial growth

  15. Elastic Cartilage • Characterized by presence of elastin fibers in hyaline ECM • Flexible, non-calcifying • Surrounded by perichondrium • External ear, eustachian tubes, epiglottis of larynx

  16. Fibrocartilage • Dense regular connective tissue + hyaline matrix • No perichondrium • IG and rows of chondrocytes • Fibroblast nucleii present • Intervertebral disks, symphysis pubis, articular disks of mandible and sternum, meniscus of knee, places where tendon attaches to bone • Resistance to shear force and compression

  17. Cartilage growth and repair • Mesenchymal cells • Appositional and Interstitial growth • Limited repair due to which three primary factors? • Aging – Limited repair, matrix calcifies, replaced by bone (how does this impact function?)

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