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Lesson 31 Participles (cont.)

Lesson 31 Participles (cont.). “Verbal Adjectives”. Second Aorist Participle. Formation Use same endings as present participle. Use Second Aorist stem – no augment. 2 Aorist Act. Part. = 2 Aor.stem + &wn( &ousa( &on (# 250) – ( declines like Pres. Act. Part. except accent.)

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Lesson 31 Participles (cont.)

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  1. Lesson 31Participles (cont.) “Verbal Adjectives”

  2. Second Aorist Participle Formation • Use same endings as present participle. • Use Second Aorist stem – no augment. • 2 Aorist Act. Part. = 2 Aor.stem + &wn( &ousa( &on (# 250) – (declines like Pres. Act. Part. except accent.) • 2 Aorist Mid. Part. = 2 Aor. Stem + &omenoj( &omenh( &omenon (#252) – (declines like Pres. Mid. Part.) Translation • Difference from Pres. Part.: punctiliar rather than durative. • Usually indicates action prior to action of finite verb. • Rough translation: • lamba,nwn (pres.) = receiving • labw,n (2 aor.) = having received

  3. Participle Usage (Note: any tense of part. can be used in any usage.) 1. Attributive (# 244) – see Lesson 30 • Has article; modifies a noun. • Translate: “the blanking noun;” “the noun which blanks.” • o` lamba,nwn a;nqrwpoj = “the man who receives.” • o` labw,n a;nqrwpoj = “the man who received.” 2. Substantive (# 245) – see Lesson 30 • Has article; stands in place of understood noun. • Translate: “the blanking one;” “the one who blanks.” • o` lamba,nwn= “the one receiving;” “the one who receives.” • o` labw,n= “the one having received;” “the one who received.” (See # 253 for attributive/substantive use of aor. part.)

  4. Participle Usage – cont. 3. Circumstantial (# 254, 256) • Does not have an article. • Agrees with any noun or pronoun in sentence (or with the understood subject of verb). • Does not modify noun but makes additional statement. • Describes a circumstance under which action of finite verb takes place. • Translation can be tricky: • First attempt: try a participial phrase. • If necessary: expand it into a subordinate clause. • Supply a subordinate conjunction based on sense of context: • Temporal – while, as (pres.); when, after (aor.) • Causal – because • Concessive – whereas, although • Telic (purpose) – (in order) to • Consecutive – and

  5. Examples of Circumstantial Participles (# 254) • eivpw.n tau/ta avph/lqen) • eivpw.n agrees with understood “he.” • First attempt: “Having said these things, he departed.” • Expansion – if necessary for clarity: • Temporal: “When/after he said these things, he departed.” • Consecutive: “He said these things and departed.” • ivdw.n tau/ta evdo,xaze to.n qeo,n) • ivdw.n agrees with understood “he.” • First attempt: “Having seen these things, he was glorifying God.” • Temporal: “When/after he saw these things, he was glorifying God.” • Causal: “Because he saw these things, he was glorifying God.” • Consecutive: “He saw these things and was glorifying God.”

  6. Examples of Circumstantial Participles (# 254) 3. eivpw.n tau/ta avpe,rcetai) • eivpw.n agrees with understood “he.” • First attempt: “Having said these things, he departs.” • Temporal: “When/after he said these things, he departs.” 4. pare,labon auvto.n eivpo,nta tau/ta) • eivpo,nta agrees with auvto.n. • First attempt: “They received him having said these things.” (Can’t leave it this way; unclear who said these things.) • Temporal: “They received him when/after he said these things.” • Causal: “They received himbecause he said these things.”

  7. Examples of Circumstantial Participles (# 254) 5. tuflo.j w;n a;rti ble,pw) • w;n agrees with understood “I.” • First attempt: “Being blind, now I see.” • Concessive: “Whereas/although I was blind, now I see.” • Hymnic (?): “I once was blind but now I see.” 6. e;rcomai zhtw/n karpo,n) • zhtw/n agrees with understood “I.” • First attempt: “I come seeking fruit.” • Telic (purpose): “I come (in order) to seek fruit.”

  8. Examples of Circumstantial Participles (# 254) 7. poreuo,menoi evkh,russon) • poreuo,menoi agrees with understood “they.” • First attempt: “Advancing (going), they were preaching.” • Temporal: “As/while they were advancing (going),they were preaching.” (Note: pres. part. translated past because finite verb is imperf.) 8. h;lqon zhtw/n ka,rpon) • zhtw/n agrees with understood “I.” • First attempt: “I came seeking fruit.” • Telic (purpose): “I came (in order) to seek fruit.” 9. u`polabw.n ei=pen) • u`polabw.n agrees with understood “he.” • First attempt: “Having answered (answering), he said.” • Consecutive: “He answered and said.” (Note: aor. part. here is simultaneous with finite verb.)

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