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Chapters 14 & 15

Chapters 14 & 15. Fourth Conjugation continued Perfect Tense continued Pluperfect and Future Perfect Tenses More Uses of the Accusative (Degree and Extent). 1. The fourth conjugation. 1. The fourth conjugation. 2. The Perfect Tense Again.

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Chapters 14 & 15

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  1. Chapters 14 & 15 Fourth Conjugation continued Perfect Tense continued Pluperfect and Future Perfect Tenses More Uses of the Accusative (Degree and Extent)

  2. 1. The fourth conjugation

  3. 1. The fourth conjugation

  4. 2. The Perfect Tense Again • The Old and the New: 1st Conjugation Perfect Active Indicative and 3rd Conjugation Perfect Active Indicative • CIL 6.12013, 7–10; By Roman Hands n.48: • studiaamāvī, obsequensmagistrīsfuī, observāvīparentōrumpraecepta, meōsamīcōscoluī • Studium, -ī, n. Study • Obsequens, obsequentis, adj. Obedient (+ dat) • Magister, magistrī, m. Teacher • Observō, observāre, observāvī, observātus, to pay attention to, heed • Parens, parentis, m/f parent • parentōrum is an error for the correct genitive plural parentum • Praeceptum, -ī, n. Rule, instruction • Colō, colere, coluī, cultus to cultivate

  5. 2. 3rd and 4th conjugation Perfect Active Indicatives

  6. 2. 3rd and 4th conjugation Perfect Active Indicatives Notes: 3rd principal part is the 1st person, singular, perfect active indicative Drop the –ī and you have the stem. No difference between 3rd and 3rd-iō in the perfect or any other tenses Endings are the same as the endings for the 1st and 2nd conjugations Macrons distinguish fūgit, invēnimus, and other forms from similar forms in the present. Fūgit (perfect) vs. Fugit (present), etc.

  7. 3. The Pluperfect • Pluperfect: actions completed in the past (time prior to the perfect) • CIL 8.8567, 1; By Roman Hands n.51 (modified): • Gaudia, quae dederat, rapuitFortūnasubitō • Gaudium, -ī, n. Joy, pleasure • Quae: relative pronoun in neuter accusative plural, which

  8. 3. And the Future Perfect • Future Perfect: an action completed in the future (as opposed to the simple future, whose actions are simply described with no notion of completion) • CIL 15.7194; By Roman Hands n.50 (modified): • Fūgī. Tenēmē. Cum • revocāveris mē • dominōmeōZoninō, • accipiēssolidum. • Cum: when • Revocō, -āre, -āvi, -ātus: to bring back • Dominus, -ī, m. Master • Zoninus: a name • Accipiō, accipere, accēpī, acceptus: to receive

  9. 3. The Pluperfect and Future Perfect Hint: pluperfect marker+ending is the same as the imperfect of sum Hint: future perfect marker+ending is the same as the future of sum,except for the 3rd person plural (-erint vs. erunt)

  10. 3. Ways of talking about the past • Romani vincēbantsuōshostēs. • …were conquering/began to conquer/conquered/etc. … • Romani vīcēruntsuōshostēs. • … conquered/have conquered … • Romani vīcerantsuōshostēs. • … had conquered …

  11. 3. Talking about the future • Lēgatusrapietaurum ē prōvinciā. • … will seize … • Lēgatus rapuerit aurum ē prōvinciā. • … will have seized …

  12. Measurements of space 4. Accusative of Extent and Degree • Ambulāvimusvīgintīpedēs. • Rōmaiterabest. • … fossāsquīndecimpedēslātās… • Note: no preposition needed, though it will appear with per • pēs=foot, • pedēs=feet; • mille passus=mile, • mīlliapassuum=miles This accusative denotes the object through or over which the action takes place.

  13. 4. Accusative of Extent and Degree In many cases, the force of the Accusative of Degree is adverbial, especially if an substantive adjective is used.

  14. 4. Accusative of Extent in the Aeneid

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