CLIL Class I E

1. CLIL Class I E History - English The rebirth after the year 1000 AD

2. glossary 2 Fear and death • Hunger, plague, wars During the Middle Ages, life is marked by obsessive feelings: fear. What are these fears in Middle Ages? People are afraid of hunger and famine. What are the causes of a bad harvest? The passage of soldiers, natural events such as floods, drought, violent storms.

3. 3 glossary • Fear of illnesses: they don’t know the causes and the cures. • Fear of the plague: pestilence makes a lots of victims. • Fear of death. People often see parents, relatives and friends die.

4. 4 glossary Da “Cronache dell’anno mille” di Rodolfo il Glabro (980-1047) In seguito la fame cominciò a diffondersi in ogni parte del mondo, minacciando di morte quasi tutta l’umanità. Le condizioni climatiche erano così sconvolte che non arrivava mai il momento opportuno per nessuna semina né il tempo utile per la mietitura, soprattutto a causa delle inondazioni. Pareva che gli elementi lottassero tra loro in reciproco conflitto, mentre è certo che infliggevano una punizione alla superbia degli uomini… Ogni strato della popolazione fu colpito dalla penuria di cibo; ricchi e meno ricchi diventavano smorti per la fame quanto i poveri; le angherie dei potenti si arrestarono di fronte alla generale indigenza… Frattanto, dopo essersi cibata di quadrupedi ed uccelli, la gente, sotto i morsi tremendi della fame, cominciò a prendere per nutrimento ogni sorta di carne, anche di bestie morte e altre cose schifose. Taluni cercarono di sfuggire alla morte mangiando radici silvestri e piante acquatiche, ma inutilmente: non si trova scampo all’ira vendicatrice di Dio, se non rivolgendosi a sé stessi. Si inorridisce a descrivere le perversioni a cui l’umanità andò soggetta. In quel tempo -oh sventura! - la furia della fame costrinse gli uomini a divorare carne umana, come solo di rado si era sentito in passato.

5. 5 glossary The idea of death is connected to:- the fear of the divine punishment because of people’s sins;- the fear of the end of the world (people think that it is before 1000 AD).

6. 6 glossary CLOZE _____ is an obsessive _______ in Middle Ages. People fears ______ and _________. ___________ are often bad because of the passage of _________ and because of _________ or _________. There are lots of ____________: they don’t know the _________ and the ________. For example, the __________ kills lots of people. Man is also afraid of ___ ________ __________ and of the end of the ______. They wait for it to come _________ 1000 __.

7. 7 glossary Questions What are the terrible fears of man in Middle Ages? What are the reasons for a bad harvest? Why are they so afraid of illnesses? Is there a very terrible illness? What do they wait for before 1000 AD?

8. 8 glossary Ex 3) Invent and draw some symbols on the Middle Ages’s fears Ex 4) Practise with your partner on the glossary

9. GLOSSARY 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

10. 10 glossary A new prosperity. The population increase. • Before the year 1000 AD, Europe is not a densely populated continent. After the fall of the Roman Empire, the number of its inhabitants further decreases.

11. 11 glossary Questions • Is the chart about the centuries before or the centuries after the year 1000? • What is the chart about? • How many inhabitants are there in Milan in 1050? And in 1150? And in 1200? • How many inhabitants has Florence got in 1050? And in 1150? And in 1200? • Do the inhabitants in Milan and Florence increase or decrease between 1150 and 1200?

12. 12 GLOSSARY 2 14 10 11 12 13 15

13. 13 glossary • A series of factors produce a new stability and prosperity: The invasions of nomadic people. Peasants can cultivate fields that are also far away from the castle. There aren’t plague and other illnesses for two centuries PEACE many cultivated fields decrease of deaths

14. Improvements 14 glossary Progress in agriculture Increase of food Now, the conditions of life are good

15. 15 glossary DRAW Draw a picture that shows the improvements in the life of the Middle Ages SPEAK Practise with your partner on the glossary In the first centuries ______ the year 1000 AD, there is an _________ of the __________. There is a period of ________: __________ people don’t cross Europe and there aren’t _____. There is a progress in ______________ and there is more _________. The conditions of life are ___________. CLOZE 2

16. 0 1500 2012 500 1000 TIMELINE

17. 17 glossary Innovations in agriculture The hard life of peasants in the Middle Ages Landowners give peasants their fields for a long period of years. The useful domain The number of cultivated fields increase. The quality and the quantity of the products increase.

18. 18 glossary New plants broad beans lentils peas These plants are rich with proteins, they are very nutrient. Peasants have now good food for them and their family.

19. 19 glossary The three-year rotation Before 1000 AD: two-year rotation ½ cultivated field (harvest) ½ fallow field (no harvest)

20. After 1000 AD: three-year rotation 20 glossary fallow First year legumes wheat wheat Second year legumes fallow legumes Third year fallow wheat

21. 21 glossary The three-year rotation helps peasants to: Winter crops Permanent crops Fallow Village Meadows Woods Extend the number of fields and the productivity Change the crops and the food To use the fallow fields to breed animals

22. 22 glossary 1. DRAW Draw a picture that shows the new crops and write their names in English 2. DRAW Use the drawings from the links above and draw an example of a three-year rotation. (Write the names of the crops in English.) http://www.parodos.it/storia/storia2/larotazionecolturale.htm http://www.lestoriedellastoria.it/Costume_medioevale.html

23. 23 glossary Horses Horses are useful because they are fast and strong

24. 24 glossary The plow • Peasants use a new plow. • The new plow has an iron plowshare; it is heavy. • It digs deeply under the ground. • The ground becomes fertile. • The harvest is rich. Iron plowshare

25. 25 glossary The new harness Classical harness Medieval harness The new harness is on the horse’s shoulders. It isn’t around its neck. The horse works without strangling.

26. 26 glossary The mill Peasants now use the power of water and of the wind. Water (rivers) and wind start the millstones. The millstones turn around and the mill works. http://www.salviani.it/geo/mulino/mulino.html

27. 27 glossary True or false? 1) After the year 1000 AD the number of the cultivated fields decrease 2) The three-year rotation increases productivity 3) Only oxen are used to plow the fields 4) The new plow strangles horses 5) Peasants now cultivate borad beans, peas and lentils 5) The new plow has a plowshare made with iron 6) The corn is cultivated in the fallow fields 7) Wind and water give power to the mills

28. CLOZE 28 glossary After the year 1000 AD there are some _________________. Peasants divide the field in _______ parts: it is the three-year _______________. A part is not cultivated: it is the ____________. The other two parts are cultivated. New plants are cultivated: ____________, ____________ and ____________. Peasants have good food for their family. There is a new type of __________: it has the plowshare made with ________. There is a new ____________ for horses. Now horses _______ without strangling. The power of _______________ and ________________ start the millstones.

29. 29 GLOSSARY 3 17 18 19 20 21 27 28 22 23 24 25 26