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TOTAL WAR

TOTAL WAR. 4 Primary Causes of World War I. M.A.I.N. Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nationalism. Austria gives Serbia ultimatum. Austria declares war on Serbia. Russia assembles troops on Austria & Germany border. Germany Declares war on Russia & France. The Start of War.

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TOTAL WAR

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  1. TOTAL WAR

  2. 4 Primary Causes of World War I M.A.I.N. • Militarism • Alliances • Imperialism • Nationalism

  3. Austria gives Serbia ultimatum Austria declares war on Serbia Russia assembles troops on Austria & Germany border Germany Declares war on Russia & France The Start of War Assassination of Archduke June 1914

  4. Kaiser Wilhelm’s 2 Critical Mistakes • He let Germany’s alliance with Russia collapse [1890] • Built a large Navy to compete with Great Britain [1897]

  5. Alliances

  6. Allied vs. Central Powers

  7. Crisis in the Balkans Home to various ethnic groups Formerly controlled by Ottoman Empire Known as Europe’s Powder Keg

  8. The Schlieffen Plan • What: German military plan for 2-front war • Strategy: A quick attack on France through Belgiumfollowed by an attack on Russia • Speed was critical for plan’s success General Alfred Schlieffen

  9. 1914

  10. Great Britain • Outraged over attack on Belgium, England declares war on Germany (August 1914)

  11. The Schlieffen Plan worked well at first: swept through Belgium into France Battle of the Marne France & Germany each lose 250,000 men Germany retreats

  12. Western & Eastern Front • STALEMATEoccurred onWestern Front • Develops into Trench Warfare • Russia attacks on Eastern Front • Russia’s army is very poorly equipped • Soldier’s are not motivated and eventually rebel

  13. Trench Warfare

  14. TRENCH FOOT This was an infection of the feet caused by cold, wet and insanitary conditions. In the trenches men stood for hours on end in waterlogged trenches without being able to remove wet socks or boots. The feet would gradually go numb and the skin would turn red or blue. If untreated, trench foot could turn gangrenous and result in amputation.

  15. Trench Foot

  16. Life in the trenches?

  17. New “Modern” War • Poison Gas • Machine Gun • Airplanes • Tanks • Submarines

  18. Total War Effort • Gov’t took over most industry • Entire country’s economic and industrial output to support war effort • Home-front sacrifices had to be made • Meatless Monday • Wheat less Tuesdays • victory gardens • This expanded the role of government permanently

  19. WWI Summary • World War I was supposed to be short & Glorious • It turned into slow, deadly Trench Warfare • Stalemate lasted for years on Western Front • Eastern Front more mobile but demonstrated a deteriorating Russia • People felt disillusioned after the war-no clear war aims or reason for the destruction • Modern Warfare was deadly • Industrialization had forever changed the nature of war

  20. All Quiet on the Western Front by E. M Remarque, was a critical look at WWI and disconnect between the leaders of each country and the soldiers who were actually fighting. One of the first anti-war novels and movies created in US. Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori

  21. Poison Gas Deaths: 1914-1918 Country Non-Fatal Deaths Total British Empire 180,597 8,109 188,706 France 182,000 8,000 190,000 United States 71,345 1,462 72,807 Italy 55,373 4,627 60,000 Russia 419,340 56,000 475,340 Germany 191,000 9,000 200,000 Austria-Hungary 97,000 3,000 100,000 Others 9,000 1,000 10.000 Total 1,205,655 91,198 1,296,853 POISON GAS

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