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Materi 3.

Materi 3. PRE-TANNING TANNING FINISHING. 1. PRE- TANNING. = pengerjaan basah Kegiatan sebelum penyamakan. 7an : mengawetkan kulit mentah agar tahan sampai proses sebelum penyamakan. Meliputi :. Perendaman ( soaking ) Pengapuran ( liming ) Pembelahan ( splitting )

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Materi 3.

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  1. Materi 3. PRE-TANNING TANNING FINISHING

  2. 1. PRE-TANNING • = pengerjaan basah • Kegiatan sebelum penyamakan. • 7an : mengawetkan kulit mentah agar tahan sampai proses sebelum penyamakan.

  3. Meliputi : • Perendaman (soaking) • Pengapuran (liming) • Pembelahan (splitting) • Buang Kapur (deliming) • Pengikisan protein (bating) dan pengasaman (pickling).

  4. 1. Perendaman (soaking) • 7an = a. mngubah kondisi kulit kering spy lunak & lemas mendekati sifat kulit segar. b. mbersihkan dari darah, feses, tanah, kotoran lain yg tdk hilang selama pengawetan c. mbuka tenunan kulit. d. membuang garam. • Cara = kulit direndam dalam air + antiseptik/bactericide + NaOH 0,5% (spy pH=9). Kulit besar & kering ±18 – 24 jam.

  5. 2. Pengapuran (liming) • 7an = mnghilangkan bulu, epidermis, kelj. Keringat & lemak, mpermudah pelepasan subcutis, mbengkakkan sisa daging yang menempel. • Cara = air + kapur tohor (Ca(OH)2) + Natrium Sulfida (Na2S) --- aduk rata (15 menit) --- rendam kulit (aduk setiap 1-5 jam) --- selama 18 jam.

  6. 3. Pembelahan (splitting) • 7an = u mbagi/mbelah kulit yg berukuran besar mjd ukuran lebih kecil. • Proses pemotongan kulit (Rounding) --- dilanjutkan proses perapihan (Trimming).

  7. 4. Buang Kapur (deliming) • 7an = mnghilangkn kapur (yg bersifat basa) dlm kulit, krn dlm proses penyamakan butuh suasana asam. • Cara = cuci dg air mengalir. • Lebih sempurna = + 0,75% ammonium sulfat + air dlm bak --- aduk rata --- msukn kulit --- aduk 15 menit --- + (air+as. Sulfat (1:10)) --- aduk 45 menit.

  8. 5. Pengikisan (bating) & pengasaman (pickling) • 7an = mnghilangkn zat2 non-kolagen • Bating = mngg. ZA (amonium sulfat), teepol, oropon. • Pickling = mbuat kulit bersifat asam (pH=3 – 3,5) shg kulit tdk bengkak jika bereaksi dg bhn. penyamak. Mngg. NaCl, HCOOH, H2SO4.

  9. 2. TANNING. • 7an = mngubah sifat kulit mentah (mudah rusak, o/ aktivitas mo, khemis,phisis) mjd kulit yg lebih tahan. • Bahan = RC (Reduced-Chrome), tannin. • Eniza (2004) = penyamakan kulit (garam+belerang) & penyamakan pasta. • Usmiati dkk (2005) = penyamakan krom dan penyamakan alum. • Sunarto (1997) = pnyamakn nabati, p. krom, p. kombinasi, p. sintetis

  10. Tanning Drum

  11. 3. FINISHING • Pengetaman (shaving)--- spy ketebalan kulit sama kmd diperam 1 mlm. • Pemucatan (bleaching) --- mghil. Flek besi, menurunkan pH spy mnguatkan ikatan antara bhn. penyamak & kulit • Penetralan (neutralizing).--- bagi kulit samak krom krn kadar asam tinggi shg tdk mengganggu proses selanjutnya.Mengg. Natrium Bikarbonat (NaHCO3).

  12. Penyamakan ulang (retanning) --- mngg. Kromosal-B. • Pengecatan dasar--- biasanya bersamaan dg proses peminyakan. • Peminyakan (oiling / fat liquoring) --- spy bhn. Penyamak tdk keluar kepermukaan sblm kering. Pakai minyak sulfonat atau kuning telur. • + anti jamur danFiksasi (dg HCOOH) spy minyak tdk luntur. • Pengeringan --- mnghentikan proses kimiawi.

  13. peminyakan

  14. jemur

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