Parts of Speech

1. Date: 10/14/10 English Period 3 By: Vanessa Torres & Andrew Sandfer Parts of Speech

2. Nouns A noun is a word or word group that is used to describe a person, place, thing, or idea • A proper noun names a particular person, place, thing, or idea and is capitalized. • A common noun names any one of a group of persons, places things, or ideas. • A concretenoun refers to objects and substances, including people and animals, that exist physically. • An abstract noun refers to states, events, feelings, qualities, etc., that have no physical existence. • Common nouns: • Example: scientist, woman, city, building, and continent • Proper nouns: • Example: Marie, Los Angeles, Declaration of Independence, and Barrack Obama Barrack Obama

3. pronouns • A pronoun is a word that is used in place of one or more nouns or pronouns. • An antecedent is a word a pronoun refers to. • A personal pronoun designates the person speaking (I, me, we, us), the person spoken to (you), or the person or thing spoken about (he, she, it, they, him, her, them). • A demonstrative pronoun is a pronoun that indicates which item, object, person or concept is being referred to. • Interrogative Referring to words or word forms that are used primarily in questions.

4. Examples of the previous Example of an antecedent: Students in on-line classes have to be organized to keep up with their assignments. The word "students" is the antecedent of the word "their.“ Examples of personal pronouns: you, me them, they, and I are all personal pronouns. Examples of demonstrative pronouns: This, that, these, those, none and neither are the Demonstrative Pronouns Examples of interrogative pronouns: who, whom, which, whose, and what.

5. An adjective is a word that is used to modify a noun or a pronoun. • An demonstrative adjectives when it modifies nouns or pronouns. • The difference between pronouns and adjectives is that adjectives modify nouns or pronouns and pronouns take the place of nouns or pronouns. • Articles are words such as a, an, and the. • There are also indefinite articles like a and an because they refer to any member of a general group. • A definite article refers to someone or something in particular. • Some examples, as was stated before are a, an, and the. Adjectives

6. A verb is a word that expresses action or simply the stat of being. • A helping verb helps the main verb express action or state of being. • Action verbs express either physical or mental action and a non-action verb. • Non-action verbs indicate state, sense, desire, possession, or opinion. • Examples of helping verbs are: amisarewaswerebebeingbeenhavehashaddodoesdidcancouldmaymightmustwillshouldwouldought to • Examples of action verbs are: sail, salute, scale,scare,scatter, scavenge, scold verbs

7. adverbs An adverb modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb An adverb modifying a verb may come before or after the word they modify. Example: We lived there. Or .We’ll see you later. Adverbs modifying adjectives would look something like the following: Beth did an exceptionally fine job. Adverbs modifying other adverbs would also be like the following: Calvin was almost never there. Almost modifies never which tells us to what extent.

8. A preposition is a word that shows the relationship of a noun or a pronoun to another word. A commonly used preposition would be as the following: aboard, below, from, since, about, beneath, in, through, etc. A compound preposition would be: according to, in place of, in spite of, on account of, next to, in front of, etc. prepositions

9. conjunctions A conjunction is a word that joins words or word groups. Coordinating conjunctions join words or word groups that are used in the same way. Example: and, but, or, nor, for, yet, and so. Correlative conjunctions are pairs of conjunctions that join words that are used in the same way. Example: both…and, either…or, etc.

10. An interjection is a word that expresses emotion. Examples: awe, hurray, oops, wow, oh, yahoo, etc. interjections