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Rodent Biology & Control

Rodent Biology & Control. Examples of Rodents. Gerbils Mice Rats Squirrels Woodchucks Porcupines Beaver and…. Objective هدف. Relate the biology of rodents to appropriate control measures. Overview مرور. Chacteristics and Habits Purpose Surveillance and Control Techniques.

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Rodent Biology & Control

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  1. RodentBiology & Control

  2. Examples of Rodents • Gerbils • Mice • Rats • Squirrels • Woodchucks • Porcupines • Beaver • and….

  3. Objective هدف • Relate the biology of rodents to appropriate control measures.

  4. Overview مرور • Chacteristics and Habits • Purpose • Surveillance and Control Techniques

  5. Norway RatRattusnorvegicus • Characteristics: • Large, thick body • Largest, most aggressive • Blunt muzzle; small ears and eyes • Tail is nearly naked; shorter than combined length of head and body • Fur color brown to dark gray with scattered black hairs

  6. Roof RatRattusrattus • Characteristics: • Relatively slender body • Muzzle pointed; ears and eyes large • Tail longer than combined length of head and body; fairly hairy • Fur color black to brownish-gray

  7. House MouseMusmusculus • Characteristics: • Body small • Ears and eyes large • Fur color grayish-brown with light below • Can be distinguished from immature rats by head and feet proportion in relation to body (young rats have large heads and feet)

  8. Reproduction • Rats • Sexually mature at 3 months • Gestation period 21 days; new estrus cycle begins 4-5 days following litter birth • Produce 3-7 litters per year with 5-7 pups per litter • Mice • Sexually mature at 5 weeks • Produce up to 8 litters per year at 5-6 pups each

  9. Rodent Behaviors • They are nocturnal -- active almost exclusively at night. • They stay close to food and water. • If abundant water is not available (or in poor supply), they will not continuously inhabit an area.

  10. Rodent Behaviors • They travel in defined runways. • They are “neophobic” -- don’t like new objects. • They tend to eat in their harborages.

  11. Rodent Behaviors • Climbing – Rodents are among the most agile of all mammals and are capable climbers • Burrowing – this activity is demonstrated by all commensal rodents with the Norway rat being most adept.

  12. Rodent Senses & Abilities • Sensory acuity - hearing, taste and smell, are much more acute than humans. • Rodents have excellent memories and seldom repeat mistakes.

  13. Senses and Abilities • Swimming – all commensal rodents are good swimmers with the Norway rat being the most adept at this activity.

  14. Medical Importance • Native rodents may contribute to disease (ex. plague and Hantavirus) or economic loss (ex. crop damage). • Imported species are far more destructive. • We are most concerned with commensal rodents: those rodents that are closely associated with man and his environment (derived from the Latin word for "companion at meals.”)

  15. Medical Importance • Rodents can attack people, especially when their populations are large or they are hungry • Rodents historically have been a problem on battlefields and will attack wounded and disabled soldiers

  16. Diseases Associated with Rodents • Plague • Tularemia • Leptospirosis • Salmonellosis • Relapsing fever • Leishmaniasis • Korean hemorrhagic fever • Ratbite fever • Hantavirus • Mosquito- and tick-borne encephalitides • Chikungunya, Onyongyong fever, Lassa fever • Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever • Murine and scrub typhus • Tickborne typhus, Q fever • Toxoplasmosis • Helminthic disease (trichinosis)

  17. Rodent Attacks • Rats can injure, maim, and kill people!

  18. Economic Significance • Destroy stored grains, and other foods • They will eat almost anything • Destroy other structures by gnawing • Includes electrical wires, hydraulic hoses, wood, and wallboard • Gnawing - rodents gnaw constantly to wear down teeth

  19. Surveillance • Presence of urine and feces... • Rat urine glows under black light • Smudge marks or rubs • Runs or tracks

  20. Surveillance • Gnawing or other physical damage • Burrows, nests, or food caches • Presence of dead rodents in the open. • Presence of live rodents in the day.

  21. Surveillance • Odors and sounds • Visual observation • Pet excitement

  22. Prevention and Control • Sanitation • IPM • Exclusion and rodent proofing

  23. Rodenticides • Acute (Single-Dose) Rodenticides: • Capable of killing in a single dose, although more effective over multiple feedings • Chronic (Multiple-Dose) Rodenticides: • Requires multiple feeding over several days to cause mortality

  24. Other Control Methods • Trapping • Snap traps • Live traps • Sticky traps

  25. Summary • Chacteristics and Habits • Purpose • Surveillance and Control Techniques

  26. Questions? سوالات

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