The Story of Adam عليه السلام Part II

1. The Story of Adam عليه السلام Part II ICN Family Dars 2-6-2013

2. Review • What are some of the benefits of learning the Stories of the Prophets عليهم السلام ? • How many days did Allah take to create the earth? • Give three ways Allah shows the angels the greatness of mankind • What are some of the wisdoms behind Allah asking the angels and Adam عليه السلام to name the things? • When did Allah سبحانه و تعالى create Adam عليه السلام ?

3. Allah Ordered the Angels To Make Sajdah To Adam عليه السلام • ﴿وَإِذْ قُلْنَا لِلْمَلَـئِكَةِ اسْجُدُواْ لاًّدَمَ فَسَجَدُواْ إِلاَّ إِبْلِيسَ أَبَى وَاسْتَكْبَرَ وَكَانَ مِنَ الْكَـفِرِينَ ﴾ • (34. And (remember) when We said to the angels: "Prostrate yourselves before Adam.'' And they prostrated except Iblis (Shaytan), he refused and was proud and was one of the disbelievers (disobedient to Allah).) • This Ayah mentions the great honor that Allah granted Adam, and Allah reminded Adam's offspring of this fact. • There is a Hadith about the supplication of Musa, "O my Lord! Show me Adam who caused us and himself to be thrown out of Paradise.'' When Musa met Adam, he said to him, "Are you Adam whom Allah created with His Own Hands, blew life into and commanded the angels to prostrate before''

4. Was Iblees an Angel? • Iblis was among Those ordered to prostrate before Adam, although He was not an Angel • When Allah commanded the angels to prostrate before Adam, Iblis was included in this command. Although Iblis was not an angel, he was trying - and pretending - to imitate the angels' behavior and deeds, and this is why he was also included in the command to the angels to prostrate before Adam. • Shaytaanwas criticized for defying that command • ﴿إِلاَّ إِبْلِيسَ كَانَ مِنَ الْجِنِّ فَفَسَقَ عَنْ أَمْرِ رَبِّهِ﴾ • Except Iblis (Satan). He was one of the Jinn; he disobeyed the command of his Lord.) (18:50)

5. Mention of Iblees from Surah Al-Kahf • ﴿فَسَجَدُواْ إِلاَّ إِبْلِيسَ كَانَ مِنَ الْجِنِّ﴾ • (So they prostrated themselves except Iblis. He was one of the Jinn;) meaning, his original nature betrayed him. He had been created from smokeless fire, whereas the angels had been created from light, • `A'ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, said that the Messenger of Allah said: • «خُلِقَتِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ مِنْ نُورٍ، وَخُلِقَ إِبْلِيسُ مِنْ مَارِجٍ مِنْ نَارٍ، وَخُلِقَ آدَمُ مِمَّا وُصِفَ لَكُم» • The angels were created from light, Iblis was created from smokeless fire, and Adam was created from that which has been described to you. Saheeh Muslim • When matters are crucial, every vessel leaks that which it contains and is betrayed by its true nature. Iblis used to do what the angels did and resembled them in their devotion and worship, so he was included when they were addressed, but he disobeyed and went against what he was told to do. So Allah points out here that he was one of the Jinn, i.e., he was created from fire

6. Allah Created Adam عليه السلام from Clay and Iblees From Fire • ﴿أَنَاْ خَيْرٌ مِّنْهُ خَلَقْتَنِي مِن نَّارٍ وَخَلَقْتَهُ مِن طِينٍ﴾ • I am better than he. You created me from fire, and You created him from clay.)﴿38:76 • Al-Hasan Al-Basri said, "Iblis was not one of the angels, not even for a second. He was the origin of the Jinn just as Adam, upon him be peace, was the origin of mankindwitha Sahih chain. • ﴿فَفَسَقَ عَنْ أَمْرِ رَبِّهِ﴾ • (he disobeyed the command of his Lord. ) meaning by stepping beyond the bounds of obedience to Allah. • Fisq(disobeying) implies going out or stepping beyond. When the date emerges from its flower, the verb used in Arabic is Fasaqat; the same verb is used to describe a mouse coming out of its hole when it comes out to cause damage.

7. Allah Allowed Adam عليه السلام to Dwell In Jannah • ﴿وَقُلْنَا يَاءَادَمُ اسْكُنْ أَنْتَ وَزَوْجُكَ الْجَنَّةَ وَكُلاَ مِنْهَا رَغَدًا حَيْثُ شِئْتُمَا وَلاَ تَقْرَبَا هَـذِهِ الشَّجَرَةَ فَتَكُونَا مِنَ الْظَّـلِمِينَ  • (35. And We said: "O Adam! Dwell you and your wife in the Paradise and eat both of you freely with pleasure and delight, of things therein wherever you will, but come not near this tree or you both will be of the Zalimin (wrongdoers)

8. Additional Ways in Which Allah Honored Adam عليه السلام • Allah created him with His two hands • قَالَ يَا إِبْلِيسُ مَا مَنَعَكَ أَنْ تَسْجُدَ لِمَا خَلَقْتُ بِيَدَيَّ أَسْتَكْبَرْتَ أَمْ كُنْتَ مِنَ الْعَالِينَ (75) • 75. (Allâh) said: "O Iblîs (Satan)! what prevents You from prostrating yourself to one whom I have created with both My hands. are You too proud (to fall prostrate to Adam) or are You one of the High exalted • Had the Angels prostrate to Adam عليه السلام • Respect to Adam, but obedience to Allah • Allah spoke to Adam عليه السلام • “O Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه و سلم was Adam a Prophet? Yes he was a Prophet and Allah spoke to him directly.” • Allah gave him peace in jannah • اسْكُنْ • Comes from the same word as sakeenah

9. More Ways Allah Honored Adam عليه السلام • Allah made a mate for him • هُوَ الَّذِي خَلَقَكُمْ مِنْ نَفْسٍ وَاحِدَةٍ وَجَعَلَ مِنْهَا زَوْجَهَا لِيَسْكُنَ إِلَيْهَا • 189. it is He who has created You from a single person (Adam), and (Then) He has created from Him his wife [Hawwa (Eve)], In order that He might enjoy the pleasure of living with her • وَمِنْ آيَاتِهِ أَنْ خَلَقَ لَكُمْ مِنْ أَنْفُسِكُمْ أَزْوَاجًا لِتَسْكُنُوا إِلَيْهَا وَجَعَلَ بَيْنَكُمْ مَوَدَّةً وَرَحْمَةً إِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ لَآيَاتٍ لِقَوْمٍ يَتَفَكَّرُونَ (21) • 21. and among his signs is this, that He created for You wives from among yourselves, that You may find peacefulness/comfort In them, and He has put between You affection and Mercy. Verily, In that are indeed signs for a people who reflect • Allah gave him food and drink, protected him from thirst and nakedness • إِنَّ لَكَ أَلَّا تَجُوعَ فِيهَا وَلَا تَعْرَى (118) وَأَنَّكَ لَا تَظْمَأُ فِيهَا وَلَا تَضْحَى (119) • 118. Verily, You have (a Promise from Us) that You will never be hungry therein nor naked. • 119. and You (will) suffer not from thirst therein nor from the sun's heat. • Allah made everything halaal except for the tree • Halaal is plentiful and haraam is restricted

10. Reasons For Shaytaan’s Refusal To Make Sajdah • Did not appreciate the greatness of Allah • Claimed that he was more deserving of honor and respect than Adam عليه السلام • Attributed lack of knowledge, justice, and wisdom to Allah • Ujbالعجب • Perception of greatness • Conceit/ self-importance • The underlying factor for pride • The way to deal with this is to remember our many sins, weaknesses, and deficiencies

11. One of the Duas of the Messenger of Allah صلى الله عليه و سلم • عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَدْعُو بِهَذَا الدُّعَاءِ ‏"‏ اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِي خَطِيئَتِي وَجَهْلِي وَإِسْرَافِي فِي أَمْرِي وَمَا أَنْتَ أَعْلَمُ بِهِ مِنِّي اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِي جِدِّي وَهَزْلِي وَخَطَئِي وَعَمْدِي وَكُلُّ ذَلِكَ عِنْدِي اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِي مَا قَدَّمْتُ وَمَا أَخَّرْتُ وَمَا أَسْرَرْتُ وَمَا أَعْلَنْتُ وَمَا أَنْتَ أَعْلَمُ بِهِ مِنِّي أَنْتَ الْمُقَدِّمُ وَأَنْتَ الْمُؤَخِّرُ وَأَنْتَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَىْءٍ قَدِيرٌ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ ... • Abu Musa Ash'ari reported on the authority of his father that Allahs Apostle (may peace be upon him) used to supplicate in these words:" O Allah, forgive me my faults, my ignorance, my immoderation in my concerns. And You are better aware (of my affairs) than myself. • O Allah, grant me forgiveness (of the faults which I committed) seriously or otherwise (and which I committed inadvertently and de- liberately. All these (failings) are in me. O Allah, grant me forgiveness from the fault which I did out of haste or out of deliberation, • which I committed in privately or publicly and you are better aware of (them) than myself. You are the First and the Last and You have complete and total control over everything

12. Pride • Another reason for refusal for Sajdah was pride and arrogance • This is the sin that destroyed nations of the past • People of Nuhعليه السلام said • قَالُوا أَنُؤْمِنُ لَكَ وَاتَّبَعَكَ الْأَرْذَلُونَ (111) • 111. they said: "Shall we believe In you, when the lowest (of the people) follow you?" • The People of Aad were arrogant • فَأَمَّا عَادٌ فَاسْتَكْبَرُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ بِغَيْرِ الْحَقِّ وَقَالُوا مَنْ أَشَدُّ مِنَّا قُوَّةً أَوَلَمْ يَرَوْا أَنَّ اللَّهَ الَّذِي خَلَقَهُمْ هُوَ أَشَدُّ مِنْهُمْ قُوَّةً وَكَانُوا بِآيَاتِنَا يَجْحَدُونَ (15) • 15. as for 'Ad, they were arrogant In the land without right, and they said: "Who is stronger than us In strength?" Don’t they see that Allâh, who created them is mightier In strength than them. and they used to deny Our Ayât (proofs, evidences, verses, lessons, revelations, etc.)!

13. Some of the Harms of Pride • Not entering Jannah • On the authority of Abdullah ibnMasood (RadiallahuAnhu) “The person who has even a trace or speck of pride in his heart will not enter jannah. A man said, “O Messenger of Allaah, what if a man likes his clothes and his shoes to look good?” He said, “Allaah is Beautiful and loves beauty. • Pride means “rejecting the truth and looking down on people.” Saheeh Muslim • Pride destroys nations • Individuals • Families

14. Solutions To Pride • . Make ourselves aware of the greatness of Allah سبحانه و تعالى • - Anything we do pales in comparison to the greatness of Allah, His Messenger صلى الله عليه و سلم , and the companions رضي الله عنهم • 2. Examine your own faults- and worry and be concerned about yourself • 3. Develop a love for your brothers and sisters- if you see them doing something wrong then hate the thing that they are doing but not them because they can be guided • 4. Make Dua- Dua helps us humble ourselves before Allah سبحانه و تعالى • 5. Have a positive attitude about all things

15. Hasad (Envy/Jealousy) • In Arabic it means hating that Allah has blessed others with something • In addition to that it is wishing that others are deprived of those blessings • Comes from attitudes of ujb and kibr • A person sees themselves entitled and deserving of all good things • Hasad is not only of the first sins in the heavens, but also one of the reasons of the first sins among mankind • Dealing with Hasad • Remembering the reality of this world • Competing in the aakhirah • Thanking Allah for the blessings He has bestowed on you

16. Shaytaan’s Wrongful Claim • Despite of all of the ways Allah honored and preferred Adam عليه السلام shaytaan claimed that he was better than Adam عليه السلام because he was created from fire • قَالَ أَنَا خَيْرٌ مِنْهُ خَلَقْتَنِي مِنْ نَارٍ وَخَلَقْتَهُ مِنْ طِينٍ (76) • 76. [Iblîs (Satan)] said: "I am better than him, You created Me from Fire, and You created Him from clay.“ • Ibn Abbas رضي الله عنهما and others said that whoever uses his reasoning to go against revelation is following the path of Iblees

17. Is fire better than clay? • The characteristics of clay and fire • Clay is calm, peaceful, dignified, patient • The scholars say these qualities encouraged Adam عليه السلام to repent and be humble and seek Allah’s guidance when he made a mistake • Fire is lightness and foolish, and sharpness, and rises quickly, and unstable • This contributed to Shaytaan being unstable, arrogant, persistent, and stubborn. The qualities prevented him from seeking Allah’s forgiveness • Allah has informed us that He uses fire to punish His creation Allah does not use clay to punish His creation • When a crops and vegetation need to be destroyed they are burned when they want to be nurtured and grown soil is used • Allah has made clay/dirt as a means of purification

18. Tazkiyatu An-Nafs • “I am better than him” • فَلَا تُزَكُّوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ هُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِمَنِ اتَّقَى (32) • so ascribe not purity and piety to yourselves. He (Allah) knows best Him who fears Allâh and keep his duty to Him [i.e. those who are Al-Muttaqûn (pious - see V.2:2)]. • أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ يُزَكُّونَ أَنْفُسَهُمْ بَلِ اللَّهُ يُزَكِّي مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَلَا يُظْلَمُونَ فَتِيلًا (49) • 49. have You not seen those who claim piety and purity for themselves. Nay - but Allâhpurifies whom He pleases, and they will not be dealt with injustice even equal to the extent of a Fatilâ (a scalish thread In the long slit of a date­stone).

19. For These Reasons Among Others • Shaytaan refused to make sajdah to Adam عليه السلام • Planned to have him disobey Allah • Asked Allah for relief until the Day of Judgment

20. Next Week • We will in sha Allah look deeper into the following questions: • Why did Allah create Shaytaan? • Why did He grant him relief until the Day of Judgment? • What are ways Shaytaan promised he would use to misguide the Children of Adam عليه السلام?