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Topic 5, Section F

Topic 5, Section F. Example of an afforestation /reforestation Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) project in Sirsa , Haryana (India). Project location: Sirsa , Haryana. Topic 5, Section F, slide 2 of 14. Environmental problem.

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Topic 5, Section F

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  1. Topic 5, Section F Example of an afforestation/reforestationClean Development Mechanism (CDM) projectin Sirsa, Haryana (India)

  2. Project location: Sirsa, Haryana Topic 5, Section F, slide 2 of 14

  3. Environmental problem • Land degradation (deforestation) since 1950s due to population increase (fuel wood collection) • Shifting land dunes, sand storms, droughts • No natural regeneration of trees Topic 5, Section F, slide 3 of 14

  4. Project objectives • To earn carbon credits from growing of trees to be planted, under the CDM provisions of Kyoto Protocol • To help in mitigation of global warming by planting trees for sequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide • To improve the local environmental condition of soil by increasing the water holding capacity of the lands, increasing the humus in soil, and stabilizing the sand dunes by converting the marginal and degraded croplands into forested lands • To increase income, provide employment opportunities, and, as a result, alleviate poverty of local communities. Source: Project Design Document (http://cdm.unfccc.int/Projects/DB/TUEV-SUED1229620290.53/view) Topic 5, Section F, slide 4 of 14

  5. Project activities • Establish 369.87 hectares of mixed forestsusing 7 tree species • Participants: • Project developer: Haryana Forest Department • Local farmers • Small-scale afforestation/reforestation project using simplified CDM methodologies Topic 5, Section F, slide 5 of 14

  6. Major design issues • Baseline and additionality • Leakage • Permanence • Socioeconomic impacts Topic 5, Section F, slide 6 of 15

  7. Baseline and additionality • Baseline approach “Existing or historical, as applicable, changes in carbon stock in the carbon pools within the project boundary” (continuation of current trends) • Justification: • Due to the degraded and degrading nature of the project lands […], the poor condition of landowners and the very high cost of raising and maintaining trees on such lands, the lands to be afforested would continue to remain in their present status • State-driven reforestation efforts under ‘social forestry’ programmes over past 20 years were unsuccessful in project area, despite success in neighbouring lands Topic 5, Section F, slide 7 of 14

  8. Baseline and additionality • Financial additionality • project activity would not have occurred in absence of carbon finance as too costly • Barriers • Investment barriers: • lack of access to credits • notion of pilot project to promote tree planting in the region • Technological barriers • lack of access to planting material and technology as forestry is not usual land use activity in the region • Social conditions • no local organisation existent that focuses on tree planting (individual farmers unsuccessful in mobilizing finance) Topic 5, Section F, slide 8 of 15

  9. Leakage control • Leakage due to activity displacement is unlikely to occur because farmers contribute only small portions of their lands that are degraded and unproductive, and do not rely on these lands for their livelihoods • To minimise potential leakage from transport, bullock carts will be used to transport materials to and from the project area as much as possible • Accounting of transport emissions not required under simplified methodology Topic 5, Section F, slide 9 of 14

  10. Addressing non-permanence • Issuance of temporary Certified Emission Reductions (tCERs) • Crediting period: 20 years (with choice of renewal twice for 20 years) • Start date: July 2008 • Verification every 5 years, followed by issuing tCERs Topic 5, Section F, slide 10 of 14

  11. Monitoring: baseline • no monitoring required for small-scale projects, • ex-post estimation of carbon removals by sinks (random sampling) • ex-ante estimation of carbon stocks Topic 5, Section F, slide 11 of 14

  12. Monitoring leakage Topic 5, Section F, slide 12 of 14

  13. Socioeconomic benefits • Income generation (sale of timber and fruits, in addition to carbon revenues) • Sustainable fuel wood supply • Strengthening social cohesion (collectives) • Social well-being (additional employment through site preparation and plantation) • Better agricultural production (increased water holding capacity of soils) • Technical training and demonstration Topic 5, Section F, slide 13 of 14

  14. Thank you for your attention

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