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Cross-cultural Communication

Cross-cultural Communication. Verbal communication Non-verbal communication General guidelines. Verbal Communication. Language Accents. Verbal Communication. Verbal Communication. Direct vs Indirect Styles:

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Cross-cultural Communication

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  1. Cross-cultural Communication Verbal communication Non-verbal communication General guidelines

  2. Verbal Communication • Language • Accents

  3. Verbal Communication

  4. Verbal Communication Direct vs Indirect Styles: • Three Asian students studying in the United States were invited by their professor to a workshop. They did not want to participate nor did they have the time. But they also did not want to offend their professor, whom they held in high regard. Therefore, rather than tell him that they could not attend, did not want to attend or lie, they simply did not return his calls and did not show up at the workshop. Activity, p.2

  5. Verbal Communication Direct vs Indirect Styles: • An International student from Tunisia was not aware that in the United States, if someone was asked for directions and he did not know the location, that person should tell the truth instead of making up a response. He explained that he had been taught back home that it was better to engage in conversation, to give some response, than to disappoint the person by revealing that he did not know. Activity, p.2

  6. Verbal Communication

  7. Verbal Communication

  8. Verbal Communication

  9. Non-verbal Communication • Appearance and dress • Posture • Gestures • Facial expressions • Personal space

  10. Your reaction An American college student, while having a dinner party with a group of foreigners, learns that her favourite cousin has just died. She bites her lip, pulls herself up, and politely excuses herself from the group. The interpretation given to this behaviour varied with the culture of the observer: • Italian: “How insincere; she doesn’t even cry.” • Russian: “How unfriendly; she didn’t care enough to share her grief with her friends.” • Fellow American: “How brave; she wanted to bear her burden by herself.”

  11. Appearance and Dress Reflects cultural value for: • Rank, status and authority (e.g. Filipino, Spanish) • Conservatism (e.g. German) • Tradition (e.g. Arab)  Be tolerant of external differences

  12. Posture • Standing • Sitting • Example: Japanese and bowing

  13. Gestures • Pointing with index finger • Snapping fingers • “OK” sign • Thumbs up

  14. Facial Expressions • Grief & sadness • Smile • General eye-contact • Eye-contact between male & female

  15. Touch • Head • Hand-holding between males or females • General touching

  16. Space • Intimate • Personal • Social • Public

  17. General Guidelines • Be flexible • Be non-judgemental • Be tolerant of ambiguity • Be respectful • Be empathetic • Be able to take turns • Be prepared for discussion of the past • Check your interpretations • Manage culture shock

  18. General Guidelines Manage culture shock: • Study the host culture • Study the local environment • Learn basic verbal and nonverbal language skills • Develop intercultural relationships • Maintain an intimate social network • Assume the principal of difference • Anticipate failure events: Learn from mistakes and faux pas

  19. Scene 1: USA Jon (enters Dr Martin’s office unannounced): Hey, Dr Mart! How’s it going? Dr Martin: Hey Jon, what’s up? Jon (helps himself into a chair without being asked): I thought I’d stop by and see if I could talk to you about my assignment. Dr Martin: Sure. I’d be glad to help. Jon: Well, I’m having some trouble coming up with a topic. Think you could help me with some ideas? Dr Martin: I suggest you select a topic that interests you or you’ll be bored to death doing it. Also, pick topics that already have much research done on them. You’ll also find many interesting topics by surfing the Internet. Jon: Yeah. That’s good advice. Cool. If I find something, could I drop by and discuss with you before I start on it? Dr Martin: Sure. If I’m not in the office, leave a message or a voicemail. Jon: Great! Thanks a lot! Dr Martin: Hey, no problem. Anytime. Activity Worksheet

  20. Scene 2: Korea Mino (stands outside Dr Choi’s office and knocks on the door): Good morning, Professor Choi. Dr Choi: Hello, Mino. Mino: I am here for my appointment. Dr Choi: Yes. Mino: May I come in? Dr Choi: Yes. Mino: Thank you. (Enters Dr Choi’s office). I am here to obtain approval from you on my research topic as you have requested. Dr Choi: Yes. What have you decided? Mino: I would like to research the development of nanotechnology, if that’s acceptable. Dr Choi: Yes. That topic is fine. Mino: Thank you. Thank you for making time to see me this morning. Dr Choi: You are welcome. Activity Worksheet

  21. Cultural Norms: Verbal

  22. Cultural Norms: Verbal

  23. Cultural Norms: Non-verbal

  24. Being Non-judgemental

  25. Being Non-judgemental

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