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Graphic overview of aliment ary canal

Introduction to Digestive System. How are we similar to a tall donut ?. Graphic overview of aliment ary canal. Introduction to Digestive System. What is/are the function(s) of the digestive system ? What structures are necessary ? How does function vary with form ?.

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Graphic overview of aliment ary canal

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  1. Introduction to Digestive System How are we similar to a tall donut? Graphic overview of alimentary canal

  2. Introduction to Digestive System What is/are the function(s) of the digestive system? What structures are necessary? How does function varywith form?

  3. Introduction to Digestive System How does this system develop embryologically? _____________is the epithelial lining of the alimentary canal. ________splits into _______and ____________ mesoderm. Splanchnic mesoderm contributes to substance of G.I. Viscera (visceral and parietal peritoneum). Yolk or membrane connection is the _____________ Anterior = ___________and posterior = _________.

  4. Oral Cavity What are features of the mouth and oral cavity? _______________in jawed fishes _______________in tetrapod What comprises the cavity?Laterally… the _______ (mucousa, buccinator, hypodermis, dermis, and epidermis) Superiorly…

  5. Oral Cavity What are features of the mouth and oral cavity? Reptiles have _____________, this channels air from _______ _________ to ________. Anurans can have openings that lead to evaginations of the oral cavity (___________) extending below the phayrnx. Seed eating birds can have a similar evagination(__________) suspended by the mylohyoid. Granivorous mammals can have ______________ http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/thumb/7/7d/240px-Litoria_chloris_calling.jpg http://www.birdandhike.com/Wildlife/Mamm/06Rod/04_Het/Dip_mer/D_mer.htm

  6. Oral Cavity What can your palate do for you? Hard and Soft palates __________________:congenital defect where embryonic tissues fail to fuse

  7. Tongue

  8. Tongue

  9. Tongue

  10. Tongue • What are the functions of the tongue? Bound by the ___________

  11. Oral Glands What are the functions of the oral glands of tetrapods? * * * Can produce toxins (________in 4 snake groups, ___________in lizard) Initiate digestion (_____________) Aid in immunity (_____________) _______________in fish… papa catfishes

  12. Oral Glands How do you salivate? 3 paired glands:*** Scattered small tubular glands Secrete … Endocrine or Exocrine?

  13. Teeth Who has teeth and who doesn’t? The “haves” Gnathostomes, amphibians, most reptiles, and mammals (highest specialization). And the “have nots” Agnathans, modern birds, a few mammals lack teeth. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/6445952/ http://i28.photobucket.com/albums/c219/ucfburnsy/platypus.jpg

  14. Teeth How do teeth develop? Teeth are the derivatives of …

  15. Teeth How do teeth develop? Teeth (and placoid scales) are composed of __________ and a covering of _________________. ______________develop as in growths of ectoderm along the jaws. ______________develop under the future site of each tooth. ______________deposit dentin. Dental lamina forms_______ __________with ___________that deposit_____________.

  16. Teeth

  17. Teeth What is the oral cavity and what does it do? Mastication = Which type of digestion?Why?Accomplished via: Types of teeth:****

  18. Teeth How are teeth attached? __________________and ________keep teeth associated with sockets in mammals (_____________). In some fishes teeth are on the “shoulder” of the dentary bone (______________) In anurans, urodeles and squamates they are attached to the inner aspect (________________) Many fishes, toothed birds, crocodilians and mammals thereis a socket (________________)

  19. Teeth How do teeth vary? Sharks have a broad basal plate anchored in … Some teeth are adapted for: - crushing shells etc. - Modified to deliver ______ Peak of specialization in… Incisors of rodents and lagomorphs … Missing canines and/or premolars results in a ________

  20. Teeth

  21. Alimentary Canal Structure

  22. Stomach

  23. Stomach

  24. Stomach

  25. Stomach What are the functions of the stomach? ______________(sometimes this task is given to specialized structures ex. crop). ________________(Gizzard of birds and crocodilians, gastroliths) ________________(which nutrient category?) ____________and _________consistency of chyme and _______________ into the small intestine

  26. Stomach How are the regions of a stomach related to their function? Specific cells responsible for specific components of _______________. Regions with minimal __________________ have esophogeal-like epithelia. Regions with abundant zymogen and parietal cells have ____________________________ is important muscular sphincter

  27. Stomach What are the structures as related to human anatomy?

  28. Stomach What about ruminates? _________are sacs/caeca that facilitate the chemical digestion of the tough polysaccharide cellulose. The necessary enzyme is _________produced by anaerobic bacteria. Returning the _____________ back to the mouth facilitates additional mechanical digestion. Temporary storage is in the ___________ and the glandular stomach is the ____________

  29. Intestines How is intestine structure related to function? Chemical digestion = secreted by the ________ and those associated with the epithelium Abosorption = Transportation = ___________ maintained by mucous glands

  30. Intestines What’s the internal anatomy of the small intestines? Contains features such as: Why? Functions include: Digestive enzymes in association w/ microvilli:

  31. Digestive glands

  32. Liver and Pancreas What’s the digestive role of the Liver? _______________: formed in lobules, drains out hepatic ducts, secreted and/or stored in gall bladder.____________: can store nutrients (glycogen, vitamins, fats)________________ ____________: metabolically “swapped” ____________________________________ What are gall stones?

  33. Pancreas http://www.vetmed.vt.edu/education/Curriculum/VM8054/Labs/Lab20/IMAGES/PANCREATIC%20ISLET%203%20SMALL.jpg

  34. Colon What are the functions of the colon? * Normal flora can produce: ** Capable of mass movements

  35. Colon How does it (defecation) happen? • __________results in defecation reflex w/c is a contraction of _______________ and ________ of internal anal sphincter. • If ignored reflex is _________. • If acted upon, voluntary actions result in ________. Diarrhea & Constipation

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