Pilot proposal submitted to Ministry of Human Resource Development Under the Scheme on

1. Development of Low Cost Rapid Detection Microwave Biosensors for Efficient Diagnosis of Health Risks in Rural Zones of India • Pilot proposal submitted to • Ministry of Human Resource Development • Under the Scheme on • “National Mission on Education through Information and Technology” Dr. K. S. Daya Microwave Physics Laboratory Department of physics & Computer Science Dayalbagh Educational Institute Dayalbagh, Agra –282 110

2. Motivation Technology advancements in the field of healthcare and biological sciences has overwhelmingly influenced our lifestyle and lifespan. Advanced technologies today seem incomplete due to the complexity of the biological systems and for its drawbacks in providing easy and fast information as it require highly priced consumables, considerable time and skilled manpower, none of which are easily available. Hence… understanding the health risks and the health status of individuals in the rural India has not been viable till date. Over half the population of India lives in rural or geographically challenging locations, thus any statistics available on the health is incomplete.

3. Objective for the Pilot Phase Technological advancement in different fields have greatly affected the lifestyle of people globally and rural zones have been no exception to these oblivious changes which are posing grave health hazards to the old and young of the rural community. Until the 1970s, it was widely believed that the prevalence of diabetes in India was low compared to the western world. But recent statistics now show that India has the world's largest diabetic population. Today, India has 25 million diabetic patients, more than any other country, and the number is expected to rise to 35 million by 2010 and to 57 million by 2025! Development of NON-INVASIVE PLANAR BLOOD GLUCOMETER. And another major health safety concern is …

4. Objective for the Pilot Phase Ensuring the supply of safe drinking water in India is a constitutional mandate, with the Article 47 ‘Both surface water and ground water should be regularly monitored for quality’ - National Water Policy (2002) of India

5. Objective for the Pilot Phase Since the First Five-Year Plan in 1951, investments made in water and sanitation have been estimated at Rs 1105 billion. Yet, it has been estimated that • around 37.7 million Indians are affected by water-borne diseases annually, • 1.5 million children are estimated to die of diarrhea alone • 73 million working days are lost due to water-borne diseases each year. • The resulting economic burden is estimated at US$ 600 million a year. Clearly, the health benefits in terms of reduction in water-borne diseases have not been commensurate with the investments made.

6. Objective for the Pilot Phase The “Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water Mission” (RGNDWM) was launched in 2006 to undertake the assessment of all drinking water sources…….. However, as on date less than 50% of all the rural water sources have only been analysed, • due to factors such as the lack of skilled man power and inadequately equipped laboratories. • Weak links in the supply chain for transporting the reagents and chemicals to remote locations “THUS MONITORING IS THE WEAKEST LINK IN THE SYSTEM THAT WORKS TO PROVIDE SAFE WATER IN RURAL INDIA.” ( Source :- CURRENT SCIENCE, VOL.97, NO.3, 10 AUGUST 2009)

7. Objective for the Pilot Phase To demonstrate a NON-INVASIVE PLANAR MICROWAVE SENSOR for BLOOD GLUCOSE DETECTION To demonstrate RAPID DETECTION MICROWAVE SENSOR FOR THE PRESENCE OF PATHOGENIC BACTERIA IN DRINKING WATER

8. Rapid Detection Microwave Bio-sensorsNon Invasive Blood Glucometer Low cost, NO-PRICK and easy to use solution for continuous self monitoring of blood glucose .

9. Thus there is an immediate need for a easy and safe solution which will overcome:- • The psychological hassle to a prick. • Blood related safety concerns (infections) • Requirement of skilled manpower. • Requirements of consumables of conventional ready to use • invasive gluco-meters. • And … • Provides with an indigenous and user friendly self monitoring systems to the under privileged and elderly

10. Working Principle • Microwave sensors are based on the interaction between microwaves and matter. When the electric field passes through the dielectric medium, electric field affects medium parameter called permittivity (dielectric constant) • Measuring the dielectric properties of a material can indirectly measure other properties that have a correlation to the material • Dielectric constant of blood increases with increase in glucose level in blood

11. Proof of Principle Microstrip line type sensor Sensitivity : 8.71 mg/dl per MHz % Error : 15%

12. Drawbacks of Microstripline sensors Radiative Structures Sensitivity depends on perturbation introduced to the radiative fields. Pressure Sensitive

13. Design for overcoming the drawbacks Requirements • Non radiative structure • Low loss guiding medium • Pressure independent SLOT LINE STRUCTURE

14. Simulation Results

15. Frequency shift and Glucose level in blood

16. Percentage Error Comparison of Microstrip and Slot line Sensors Sensitivity of Glucometer

17. ADVANTAGES • Microwave sensors are very sensitive to change in dielectric constant and most of the bacteria commonly found in water are high dielectric proteins • Microwave sensor does not require any reagents or chemical, thus an indigenous solution without interdependencies • Unlike biological methods, results are immediate

18. Other Benefits • Easy to use • No technical expertise required • Can be a completely portable systems • No reagents or chemical required, thus eliminating the need of supply chain for transporting chemicals to remote locations • Gives autonomy to the user resulting in better health safety concern

19. TIMELINE & DELIVERABLES

20. PROPOSED BUDGET

21. THANK YOU !!