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Cross-Cultural Communication [CCC]

Cross-Cultural Communication [CCC]. Presented by: Norio Ota Department of Languages, Literatures and Linguistics York University. Prologue: recent events. US submarine and sunk Ehime-maru U.S. spy plane and downed Chinese jet fighter Japan & China - demanding apologies

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Cross-Cultural Communication [CCC]

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  1. Cross-Cultural Communication[CCC] Presented by: Norio Ota Department of Languages, Literatures and Linguistics York University

  2. Prologue: recent events • US submarine and sunk Ehime-maru • U.S. spy plane and downed Chinese jet fighter • Japan & China - demanding apologies • Offering apologies - common courtesy • “Sorry for what happened.” • Offering apologies - admitting guilt and responsibility [U.S.]

  3. CCC Exercises • Bowing with greetings • Counting numbers with hands • Eye-contact • Chiming-in • Negative questions and Yes and No • Other nonverbal communication

  4. What is Cross-Cultural Communication? • Communication is CCC. • CCC is Discipline. • CCC is Action. • CCC is Practice. • Networking. • Globalization. • Sustainability. • Multi-culturalism.

  5. Communication is CCC. • CCC bridges gaps between sub-cultures. • Every institution has its own sub-culture. • Family, marriage, friendship, school • Cross-gender • Cross-generation • Cross-occupation • Cross-position • University: Students, Staff, Faculty, Techies, Administrators…

  6. CCC is Discipline. • CCC is an interdisciplinary discipline. • CCC cuts across human activities. • CCC sheds light on unnoticed aspects. • CCC can explain why and how people behave. • CCC is applicable to other cultural and sub-cultural situations.

  7. CCC is Action. • CCC is not a theory, but an action. • CCC requires knowledge, training and application. • CCC enhances cross-cultural communicative competence. • CCC improves 1st and 2nd language communicative ability. • Nonverbal communication

  8. CCC is Practice. • Networking • Globalization • Sustainability • Multi-culturalism • Anti-racism • World peace

  9. CCC is Networking. • CCC helps to network horizontally and vertically. • CCC becomes foundation for communication network. • Network is evolutionary. • CCC breaks through isolationism. • CCC reduces racism.

  10. CCC is Globalization. • CCC prepares people to manage and survive in new environment. • CCC creates people who share similar values. • CCC appreciates both similarities and differences. • CCC is instrumental to world peace.

  11. CCC is Sustainability. • CCC enhances knowledge and understanding other cultures. • CCC appreciates diversities and different values. • CCC creates sustainable environment for individual cultures. 　CCC fights against marginalization in globalization.

  12. CCC is Multi-culturalism. • CCC promotes multi-culturalism and anti-racism. • CCC enhances cross-racial understanding, knowledge and communication. • CCC has niche in Canada because of its diversity and policies. • CCC makes Mosaic possible.

  13. Contrastive Approach • Key notions to describe Japanese culture, society and psyche • Japanese vs. English • Video • Giving and Receiving Favors • Education

  14. Japanese holistic general descriptive situational context-dependent elliptical English analytic specific explanatory less situational context-independent exhaustive [redundant] Japanese vs. EnglishCognitive/Discourse/Textual

  15. Japanese formal indirect [indecisive] rank-conscious submissive concessive agreeable [understanding] appreciative apologetic modest [reserved] responsive less exclamatory less derogative less rewarding English informal direct [decisive] egalitarian independent self-determined competitive [challenging,provocative] less appreciative self-righteous boastful [proud] less responsive exclamatory [exaggerative] derogative rewarding Japanese vs. EnglishSociolinguistic/Pragmatic

  16. Japanese Introversive [inconspicuous] collective subjective [intuitive] emotional [sentimental] pessimistic [negative] retrospective English extroversive [conspicuous] individualistic objective [logical] rational optimistic [positive] prospective Japanese vs. EnglishPsycholinguistic

  17. Case Studies • Rules of Conversation • Monologue vs. Dialogue • Accountability • Accountability vs. Responsibility • Informed Consent • Negotiation • Genuine concerns • Achievement • Majority support • Compromise

  18. Epilogue • CCC starts right at home. • Speaking the same language with different subcultures • Effort in finding out about others • How far do you go? • Beyond cultural relativism • Establishing inclusive but critical and selective common criteria

  19. References • Benedict, Ruth (1946) The Chrysanthemum and the Sword: Patterns of Japanese Culture, Boston. • Christopher, Robert (1984) Japanese Mind, Pan. • Hall, Edward T. & Mildred Reed Hall (1987) Hidden Differences: Doing Business with the Japanese, • New York: Anchor Press. • Nakane, Chie (1970) Japanese Society, Penguin. • Sakamoto, Nancy & Naotsuka, Reiko (1982) Polite Fictions: Why Japanese and Americans seem rude • to each other, Tokyo: Kinseido.

  20. Contact • Norio Ota • Coordinator, Japanese & Computing • Department of Languages, Literatures and Linguistics • York University • Phone: (416)736-5016 x88750 • Fax: (416)736-5483 • E-mail: nota@yorku.ca • Web: http://buna.yorku.ca/

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