Sustainability New Paradigm to Strengthen Army Contingency Operations

1. SustainabilityNew Paradigm to Strengthen Army Contingency Operations Kurt J. Kinnevan P.E. United States Army Engineer SchoolDirectorate of Environmental IntegrationFort Leonard Wood, MO 573-329-1925 kurt.kinnevan@us.army.mil

2. AGENDA • Defining Sustainability • What it isn’t • “Official” Definitions • Why Sustainability • Current Operations • Sustainable System Requirements • Challenges • Conclusion • The Way Ahead

3. Sustainability Is Not • Just an Army Issue • Just about Military Forces • Sustainment • Compliance Mandated • Something for DPWs • Just about Installations / Base Camps • Another Environmental Thing • “A Bad Thing” • A Quick Fix • A Done then Over Operations

4. Sustainability Definition JP 1-02 - See Military Capabilityd. sustainability — The ability to maintain the necessary level and duration of operational activity to achieve military objectives. Sustainability is a function of providing for and maintaining those levels of ready forces, materiel, and consumables necessary to support military effort. Army Strategy for the Environment – “paraphrased” sustainability — The ability to simultaneously meet current as well as future mission requirements worldwide, safeguard human health, improve quality of life, and enhance the natural environment.

5. Why Sustainability • Quadrennial Defense Review • National Defense Strategy • National Military Strategy

6. Why Sustainability

7. CURRENT OPERATIONS • Austere Locations/Urban Environment • Asymmetrical Operations • Force Protection as a Priority • Areas of Concentrated Force • Forward Positioned for Rapid Response • No force on force engagements • US Military Better Equipped • Insurgents Use Hit and Run/Hide, Engage Civilian Targets • High Degree of Public visibility • Stability and Recovery/Reconstruction Operations Concurrent with Combat Operations • Long Lines of Supply from Consolidated Major Supply Points • Contractor Support Critical to Maintain Operational Capabilities

8. CURRENT OPERATIONS Civil War World War II Present Base Camps Supply Lines SPODs

9. Legend Major City or Settlement Main Operating Base Forward Operating Base Major Supply Route Asymmetrical Battle / Force Distribution

10. Legend Major City or Settlement Main Operating Base Forward Operating Base Major Supply Route The Southwestern Defense System Ft. Garland Taos Fort Union Ft. Marcy Ft. Mojave Ft. Wingate Whipple Barracks Santa Fe Albuquerque Ft. Bascom Camp Verde Prescott Ft. Sumner Ft. Apache Ft. McDowell Ft. Craig Phoenix Socorro Ft. Stanton Ft. Yuma Ft. Thomas Ft. Bayard Tucson Ft. Selden Ft. Grant Ft. Bowie Ft. Huachuca Ft. Bliss El Paso

11. Sustainable System Requirements • Improved Deployability • Reusable/Durable/Reliable • Modular/Scalable • Reduced Resource Requirements /Better Systems Management • Enhanced Survivability

12. Improve Deployability Time Mass/Volume • Develop designs for self-assembly • Improve transportability and maintenance • Develop robust connections (joints) to enable element deployments • Advance material selection available to designers • High strength-to-weight • Convertible to energy • Highly insulating • Improved ballistic resist. • Define appropriate deployment morphology Imagine “Plastic” ISO containers, multi-use Pull a string, system emerges…

13. Reusable/Durable/Reliable Interchangeable Components InterdependentSystems • “Parts is Parts” • Good Idea is a Good Idea • Backward and Forward Engineered • Leverage All Sources, “Beg…Borrow…or Steal” • Expedited DOTMLPF solutions, ESPECIALLY “M” • Everything is “Purple” • One Inventory for Systems • Interconnectivity • Joint Systems Engineering • Joint DOTMLPF Imagine Base Camps all look and Operate the Same No Stovepipes, Concept to Employment in Real Time

14. Needs to Increase Modularity Adaptive Capacity Plug & Play • Enhance Ability to Handle Surges • Improve Scalability and Ability to Expand or Contract (Physically or Capability) • Increase Number of Feasible Configurations with Reduced Number of Components • Improve Connectability • Develop Standard Interface “plug” • Develop Adaptor/ Translation Modules • Easy to Assemble • Easy to Use Imagine Sleep 5, but pull string, then sleep 15 Genset/shower airdropped in with new visitors

15. Needs to Enhance Survivability Force protection Information Mgmt (C4SI) • Deploy enhanced ballistic materials • Improve deception systems, Minimize environmental signature • Integrate LSA-dual use A/C-habitat-CBRNE protect • Develop improved sensor systems • Create base camp command and control capability • Networked modules • Facility mgt via modules with self-provided status/situational awareness • Increased bandwidth • Improved network infrastructure Imagine Habitat tells central computer “people have left for day, cut A/C” Deploy a cloaking system(Harry Potter’s cloak)

16. Reduce Resource Requirements Energy management Waste management • Every module can run on multiple/alternative power sources • Develop fuel cells for elect/ water/heat generation • Self-sufficient modules • Higher Efficiencies, Quieter Operations (Generators) • Develop Water Re-use and Cascading Capability to Optimize Water Use • Develop Re-usable, Re-configurable, Designer Packaging • Automate Waste Handling • Improve Waste “Disposal” • Waste to Energy Imagine Recycled Water, Captured Waste Heat Genset “in” showers make electricity, heat, water

17. Reduce Resource Requirements • Force Protection IssuesIntelligence - Waste Indicates Unit Size, Type, and MissionsPhysical Security – Contractor Access and Terrorist ThreatHealth and Safety – DNBI • Costly Set-up: Manpower, Time & Materials • Lower Priority • Requires Special Equipment • Requires Trained Personnel • Sustainment: Resources, Transportation & DisposalWater: 9 - 109 gallons/day/personDiesel Fuel (Generators): 1 - 5 gallons/day/personWastewater: 1.5 - 44 gallons/day/personTrash: 0.04 - 0.16 cm/day/person

18. Reduce Resource Requirements Supplies Food Water Fuel Personal Items Maintenance Materials Construction Materials Operations Materials Food Garbage Sanitary Water (Grey/Black) Wash Rack Water Solid Waste (Construction Debris, Packing Waste, Sludge) Hazardous Waste (Medical, Maintenance, Operational) Other Waste Heat Waste -> Resources

19. Reduce Resource Requirements Supplies Resources Recyclables Water Processing Plant Water Gray Water Black Water Sludge Composter Soil Solid Waste Ash Waste To Energy Converter 10% Energy Waste Heat “Designer Trash” UsedOil Blended Fuel

20. Challenges • Joint Operations Ownership Critical • Lack of Leadership Training on Sustainability • Continuity of Command • Material Availability / Re-Supply • Lack of Technical Training Programs for Sustainable Practices • Standardization of Design • Do Not Expect Contractor Support for 12+ Months • Trained Personnel - Soldiers and Civilians • Command does not Place Adequate Emphasis and Mission Focus on Sustainable Operations • Dedicated Specialties • Waste Management and Waste Management Must Be Planned for Early • Reutilization of Resources • Stand-off in Urban Areas is Minimal • Size of the Areas to be Protected • Materiel Solutions • Cost • Expedient Temporary Compounds & Conventional Structures Not Designed for Force Protection • Environmental concerns with existing locations/facilities

21. Conclusions • Sustainability is not a New Concept for the Army and DOD • A Clear Definition is Required • Education (Soldier & Civilian) is Critical • Same Priority for Research and Development for Sustainability as Warfighting • Incorporate into Operational Planning and Execution as Early as Possible • Designated Leaders in the Army and in the Joint Community with Clear Lines of Responsibility Need to be Identified

22. Where Do We Want To Be ? • Survivable, Portable, Deployable,Modular and Scalable Systems with Optimized Resource Requirements that are Reusable, Durable, Reliable, Compatible,and Interdependent • Joint & Combined • Sustainable for the Long Haul • “Zero Footprint” • Designs in the Works for Next Generation Thinking Beyond the Current Warfight

23. Questions?