The Market Revolution: Transforming American Society in the 19th Century

1. STANDARD(S): 11.1 Students analyze the significant events in the founding of the nation. LESSON OBJECTIVES/ GOALS/ SWBAT 1. Describe the impact of new markets, entrepreneurs, and inventions on the 19th-century American economy. 2. Explain the ways in which workplaces changed during the market revolution. 3. Summarize the efforts of workers to improve their economic security.

2. A BULLDOG ALWAYS Commitment Attitude CARES Respect Encouragement Safety

3. Section 4 The Market Revolution Inventions and economic developments in the early 19th century helps transform American society. NEXT

4. SECTION 4 The Market Revolution The Market Revolution U.S. Markets Expand • Market revolution—people buy and sell goods rather than make them • In 1840s economy grows more than in previous 40 years • Free enterprise—private businesses free to operate for profit • Entrepreneurs invest own money in new industries Continued . . . NEXT

5. SECTION 4: THE MARKET REVOLUTION Known as the MarketRevolution, people increasingly bought and sold goods rather than make them for themselves A 19th century market

6. U.S. Markets Expand • The first half of the 19th century in America, brought vast changes to technology, transportation, and production • Inventions and economic developments in the early 19th century helps transform American society.

8. CHP3:SECTION4:A • A – How did entrepreneurs contribute to the market revolution? • Entrepreneurs created new businesses and new products to be bought and sold.

9. SECTION 4 continuedThe Market Revolution Inventions and Improvements • Samuel F. B. Morse’s telegraph helps business, railroads communicate • Improved transportation systems cut freight costs, speed travel NEXT

10. Inventions and Improvements 1837 – Samuel Morse invented the Telegraph Railroads were becoming faster and more numerous by 1830 surpassing canals as # 1 means of transport By 1854, 23,000 miles of telegraph wire crossed the country

12. SECTION 4 continuedThe Market Revolution The Market Revolution Transforms the Nation • Many manufactured goods become affordable in early 1800s • Transportation, communication links make regions interdependent • Northeast becomes industrial, commercial; farmers go to Midwest NEXT

13. The Market Revolution Transforms the Nation Robert Fulton invented the Steamboat and by 1830, 200 were on the Mississippi

23. CHP3:4:A • B – How did technology influence both the North and Midwest in the 1840’s? • Technology influenced the North and Midwest by improving means of transportation and communication. • Inventions such as the steel plow and the reaper also improved farming in the Midwest.

24. SECTION 4 Changing Workplaces Effect of Factories • Families split, towns created, employer-worker relationships change • Machines allow unskilled workers to do jobs of skilled artisans NEXT

25. Effect of Factories • Families split, towns created, employer-worker relationships change • Machines allow unskilled workers to do jobs of skilled artisans

26. SECTION 4 Changing Workplaces The Lowell Textile Mills • In 1820s, Lowell textile mills employ young farm women • Women get lower pay than men, but factories pay more than other jobs • Conditions worsen: work over 12 hours; dark, hot, cramped factories NEXT

27. • employ young farm women • Women get lower pay than men, but factories pay more than other jobs • • Conditions worsen: work over 12 hours; dark, hot, cramped factories

29. SECTION 4 Workers Seek Better Conditions Workers Strike • 1830s, 1840s U.S. workers go on strike—work stoppage over job issues • Employers defeat strikes, replace workers with immigrants NEXT

30. Workers Strike • In 1834, Lowell, Massachusetts textile workers went on strike after their wages were lowered • one example of the dozens of strikes in the U.S. in the 1830s and 1840s

31. SECTION 4 Workers Seek Better Conditions Immigration Increases • Immigration—moving to a new country—of 3 million people (1830–1860) NEXT

32. Immigration Increases —moving to a new country— 3 million people (1830–1860)

33. SECTION 4 Workers Seek Better Conditions National Trades’ Union • 1830s, trade unions in different towns join to expand their power • Groups from several industries form National Trades’ Union(1834) • Commonwealth v. Hunt: MA Supreme Court supports right to strike NEXT

34. Several industries formed the National Trade Union in 1834 in hopes of bettering their conditions STRIKES AND UNIONS BECAME MORE NUMEROUS AFTER 1830

36. National Trades’ Union • Commonwealth v. Hunt: MA Supreme Court supports right to strike

38. CHP3:4:A • C – What was the attitude of many factory owners toward their workers? • Most factory owners regarded their workers in the same way that they regarded their machinery. • They were to be maintained to provide maximum production and discarded when no longer of any use.

41. CHP3:4:A • D – Why were most labor strikes of the 1830’s and 1840’s ineffective? • Workers were not well organized, they had little public support, and strikers could be easily replaced.