Exploring the History of Europe through Graphic Organizers

1. Turn in Graphic Organizers on the stool WITH YOUR NAME ON IT! • Get a blank sheet of paper and label it “History of Europe” • Write down EQ #2

2. Mediterranean Europe History

3. Balkan, Italian, & Iberian Peninsulas • Birthplace of democracy (Athens) • Early civilizations (Rome, Athens, Sparta) • Geography? • What do early civilizations need to survive? • Water • City States and population distribution grow based on availability of natural resources • Abundant resources allowed Athens to thrive and have a culture focused on education. Leads to improvement of government and to the birth of democracy

4. France & Germany • Holocaust • Mass genocide planned in extreme detail • Anti-Semitism • Geography? • Towns and cities along highways were the first to be targeted (easiest) • Rural communities were harder to get to • Lack of mountains in the region allowed Nazis to invade/conquer areas in Western Europe

5. Western European History

6. Berlin, Germany • Cold War • East Berlin v. West Berlin • Berlin Wall • 1989 • Geography? • Physical split of the city

7. Northern European History

8. Great Britain • Parliamentary Monarchy • PM elected by the majority party (like Canada) • Important and rich history- world power throughout history • After WWII, began to weaken their hold over other countries because of nationalism • Geography? • Their early isolation as an island • Technology/globalization during WWII has hurt their power?

9. Silicon Glen • Section of Scotland • Silicon used in computer chips • Produces 32% of world’s computer • No longer a top job producing industry as it once was in 1990s • Geography? • Abundance of coal, iron, oil • Industrialized • Relatively flat area for industry

10. Eastern European History

11. Brief History of the Balkans

12. Satellite Nations of USSR • Communism • Classless society • Karl Marx • Command Economy

13. The First Balkan War: 1912 • Russia & Austrian-Hungarian Empire two great powers- put pressure on these areas • Balkan League formed to drive Turks out • Bulgaria • Serbia • Montenegro • Greece

15. The Second Balkan War: 1913 • Serbs turned against Bulgarians • Serbs occupied Kosovo and Macedonia • Serbs wanted to expand and create a Greater Serbia KOSOVO

16. World War I • 1914: Franz Ferdinand (heir to King) shot in Sarajevo by Serb nationalist • Ignites WWI • Austria Hungary defeated • Kingdom of Southern Slavs (Yugoslavia) uniting Serbia, Croatia, Montenegro, Albania, and Slovenia • Serbs dominate; Croats prefer independence

17. World War II • WWII: Croatian Fascists welcome Hitler, become independent state (inc. Bosnia) • Serbs, Jews, Gypsies , and anti-Fascist Croats killed in concentration camps • Balkans controlled by Axis powers • Germany controls Serbia • Italy controls Montenegro • Albanians occupy Kosovo • Bulgaria occupies Macedonia

18. Soviet Union & Satellites - 1970

19. Collapse of Soviet Union: 1989- 91

20. The Balkans: 1991-1992 • Nationalism replaces communism as force • Slovenia and Croatia break away after conflict with Serbia • Croatian nationalism stirs • Slobodan Milosovic • President of Serbia • Stir up Serbs in Slovenia • Charged with severe war crimes during the wars • Fighting breaks out in Croatia and Slovenia • UN cease fire; Serbs get 1/3 Croatia • Croats “ethnically cleansed” from region

21. The Balkans: 1991-1992 • Conflicts between: • Bosnian Muslims vs. Serbs • Bosnian Serbs want to remain part of Yugoslavia • Muslims driven from homes (ethnic cleansing) • 1993: Bosnian gov’t besieged

22. The Balkans: 1998 • 1998: Kosovo Liberation Army rebel against Serbian rule • International community opposes independence • NATO launches air strike against Serbs (1st ever attack on sovereign European country) • Thousands of Kosovo Albanian Muslim refugees flee Serb atrocities • Atrocities reported on both sides

24. Criticisms of US, UN & European Policies • Failed to intervene in Croatia • US against Croatian and Slovenia independence • Gave Serbs invitation to intervene militarily to prevent the independence of these republics and to seize territory for “Greater Serbia” • Failed to support democratic movements • Serbs: We helped Kosovo, but didn’t help minority Serbs in Croatia • UN failed to heed warnings of rape/atrocities • NATO bombings killed many innocent people

29. Geography? • Much more rugged terrain (mountains, plateaus, etc.). More isolated cultures, languages, etc. • Location near Russia and major powers of Europe make it a desirable place to control (this stirs up ethnic tensions as well)

30. Group 1 Group 2 Molly Elyssa Hunter Robert Ramsey Steve Madeleine Morganne William Ansley Burke Jameson Amanda Sammie • Eric • Abby C • Jacob D. • Ashlyn Ellis • Samantha F. • Jackson M • Kenzie • Hana • Daniel • Megan • Brooklyn • Jake • TJ • Gabi

31. Group 1 Group 2 Darby Joshua Victoria William Micheal G. Abby Matt J. Brooke Nick S. Kayson Ben W. Eliana Kayla • DuBose • Nick B • Nathaniel • Jase • Julianna • Hayden • Noah M. • Anneliese • Mary • Marcos • Anna • Keith

32. Group 1 Group 2 Dominique John C. Jared Lance Maddie C. Moriah Natasha Kinsey Alannah Tyler Crimsyn Matt J. Olivia Taylor S. Cody S. Kara • Nicole • Joseph • Matt C • Maddie D • Katelyn • Michael F. • Nick G. • Riley • Bernie • Matt R. • Cameron Y. • Cameron S. • Melvin • Maggie • Alan

33. Group 1 Group 2 Daiany Veronica Morgan Allen Josie Talia Austin Riley Connor Patrick Kennedy Euen • Rod • Michelle • Collin • Mackenzie • Brandon • Freddie • Saxon • Cassie • Sam • Tamyra • Amanda • Daisy

34. Group 1 Group 2 Nick Alex Joshua Wesley McKenzie Lauren F Lauren H Anneliese Lyllie Taylor Allyson Rebekah Julia • Ben • Andrew • Eesh • Noah • Kyla • PJ • Enoc • Shreyas • Avery • Jordan • Peyton • Kate

35. Requirements