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Advanced Sounder for High-Spectral-Resolution Climate Studies

Detailed insights on the improved performance of an advanced sounder compared to current technologies for climate studies and weather forecasting, highlighting sharper weighting functions and better vertical resolution. This innovative tool can enhance the depiction of atmospheric structures and phenomena, including temperature inversions, cloud dynamics, and moisture patterns. With the ability to accurately track atmospheric motions and identify various cloud types and sizes, the advanced sounder offers significant advancements in weather monitoring and research.

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Advanced Sounder for High-Spectral-Resolution Climate Studies

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  1. IR High Spectral Resolution The Bologna Lectures Paul Menzel NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  2. CrIS Spectral Coverage B

  3. Interferometer measurements compared with physics calculations CO2 Lines

  4. 100 100 Advanced Sounder (3074) GOES (18) Pressure (hPa) Pressure (hPa) 1000 1000 Moisture Weighting Functions High spectral resolution advanced sounder will have more and sharper weighting functions compared to current GOES sounder. Retrievals will have better vertical resolution. UW/CIMSS

  5. These water vapor weighting functions reflect the radiance sensitivity of the specific channels to a water vapor % change at a specific level (equivalent to dR/dlnq scaled by dlnp). Moisture Weighting Functions Pressure Weighting Function Amplitude Wavenumber (cm-1) UW/CIMSS The advanced sounder has more and sharper weighting functions

  6. window Inverted TBB Atm Sfc Temp (K) Sfc Moisture (gm/Kg) Cold: 276 4 Warm/moist: 303 23 Hot/dry: 308 8 UW-Madison/CIMSS

  7. IMG demonstrates interferometer capability to detect low level inversions: example over Ontario with inversion (absorption line BTs warmer) and Texas without (abs line BTs colder) Spikes down - Cooling with height Spikes up - Heating with height

  8. Cloud particle size is revealed in high resolution infrared spectra

  9. WV vertical structure revealed with Geo-Interferometer Two flight tracks from NAST-I during CAMEX-3 September 14, 1998 Altitude, km --------------------------125 km------------------------- RH %

  10. Geo-Interferometer nears Raob-like depiction of atmosphere Analysis of NOAA global raob data (tropics and mid-lat summer) VAS - past GOES - current G18 - 18 1/2cm-1 chs G50 - 50 1/2cm-1 chs GAS - ABS 2000+ 1/2cm-1 chs RAOB - T to 150mb (Q to 300mb)

  11. GIFTS Simulation of Hurricane Bonnie: Winds from Water Vapor Retrieval Tracking

  12. ABS TRD noise (upper) and CrIS brightness temperature spectra (lower) calculated for low level temperature inversion

  13. ABS/CrIS vs GOES retrieval for low level temperature inversion

  14. Current retrieval strategy: - use all channels in a regression for first guess - then use a sub-set of channels for physical retrieval

  15. 1-km temperature rms and 2 km water vapor mixing ratio % rms from CrIS and GOES retrievals simulated from 590 global raobs Geo-I gets 1 K for 1 km T(p) and 15% for 2 km Q(p)

  16. Simulated CrIS and GOES CTP rms for very high (about 200 hPa), high (about 300 hPa), medium (about 500 hPa), and low (about 850 hPa) clouds with ECA from 0.1 to 1.0 using 75 CONUS raobs.

  17. Simulated Comparison of Current Sounder and ABS Significant improvements in surface and total column parameters are made with interferometers

  18. Time series of low-level vertical temperature structure during 9 hours prior to Oklahoma/Kansas tornadoes on 3 May 1999 Truth> Geo-I> Note Geo-I improves depiction of boundary layer heating and surface inversion Current GOES> Geo-I traces evolution of 800 hPa inversion with 60-80% error reduction

  19. 3 May 1999 – Oklahoma/Kansas tornado outbreak GIFTS/GOES Retrieved-Temperature Errors Truth> Geo-I Errors> Standard Deviation = 0. 6o Note Geo-I reduces errors by 80% and captures 800mb inversion GOES Errors> Standard Deviation = 3. 5o Geo-I correctly captures the important vertical temperature variations

  20. Time series of low-level vertical moisture structure during 9 hours prior to Oklahoma/Kansas tornadoes on 3 May 1999 Truth> Geo-I> Note Geo-I retains strong vertical gradients for monitoring convective instability Current GOES> Geo-I traces moisture peaks and gradients with greatly reduced errors

  21. 3 May 1999 – Oklahoma/Kansas tornado outbreak GIFTS/GOES Retrieved-Moisture (g/kg) Errors Truth> Geo-I Errors> Standard Dev. = 0.9 g/kg Note Geo-I reduces errors and captures low-level moisture peaks and vertical gradients GOES Errors> Standard Dev. = 2.4 g/kg Geo-I correctly captures important vertical moisture variations

  22. Expectations from the Geo-Interferometer * depicts water vapor as never before by identifying small scale features of moisture vertically and horizontally in the atmosphere * tracks atmospheric motions much better by discriminating more levels of motion and assigning heights more accurately * characterizes life cycle of clouds (cradle to grave) and distinguish between ice and water cloud ( which is very useful for aircraft routing) and identify cloud particle sizes (useful for radiative effects of clouds) * measures surface temperatures (land and sea) by accounting for emissivity effects (the improved SSTs would be useful for sea level altimetry applications) * distinguishes atmospheric constituents with improved certainty; these include volcanic ash (useful for aircraft routing), ozone, and possibly methane plus others trace gases.

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