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Chapter 7: Cell Structure and Function (Section 1)

Chapter 7: Cell Structure and Function (Section 1). How do we know about cells?. Before the invention of the microscope, people didn’t know that living things were made of cells. Cells are too small to see with the naked eye The microscope was invented in the 1600s.

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Chapter 7: Cell Structure and Function (Section 1)

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  1. Chapter 7: Cell Structure and Function(Section 1)

  2. How do we know about cells? • Before the invention of the microscope, people didn’t know that living things were made of cells. • Cells are too small to see with the naked eye • The microscope was invented in the 1600s

  3. Important pioneer scientists • Robert Hooke: • In 1665 he used a microscope (advanced technology then!) to look at a piece of cork under the microscope • He saw that the cork was made of many tiny chambers, which he called “cells” • Anton van Leeuwenhoek: • Worked around same time as Hooke • Used a microscope to observe pond water • Found that there were tiny organisms living in the water!

  4. Important pioneer scientists • Matthias Schleiden (1853): Figured out all plants are made of cells • Theodore Schwann (1854): Figured out all animals are made of cells • Rudolf Virchow (1855): Figured out that new cells could only be made from existing cells

  5. Cell Theory • All living things are composed of cells • Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things • New cells are produced from existing cells.

  6. New cell technology • New technology has made it easier to see cells and their structures • Electron Microscopes = use beams of electrons to magnify the cell thousands of times (only works on dead cells though ) • Transmission electron microscopes (TEM) let us see inside the cell • Scanning electron microscopes (SEM) let us see the outside of the cell • Scanning Probe Microscopes = invented in 1990s, let’s us see DNA and atoms

  7. TEM SEM Scanning Probe

  8. Lots of different cells • Cells come in many shapes and sizes • The two things they all have in common are: • Surrounded by a barrier called a cell membrane • Contain DNA

  9. Smaller Simpler No nucleus Very few internal structures Examples = bacteria Larger More complex Have a nucleus Many internal structures Examples = plant, animal, fungi Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes

  10. Eukaryote Prokaryote

  11. Tricks to remember! • Pro = No! • No nucleus, which means its DNA is not contained and just floats around inside the cell • Eu = True! -- Has a true nucleus, which means its DNA is surrounded by a membrane-like structure

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