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CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION. CHAPTER 7. Section 1 NOTES. The CELL is the basic unit of structure and function in living things. CELL THEORY states 1. All living things are composed of cells 2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things

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CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

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  1. CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION CHAPTER 7

  2. Section 1 NOTES • The CELL is the basic unit of structure and function in living things. • CELL THEORY states • 1. All living things are composed of cells • 2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things • 3. New cells are produced from living cells

  3. The History of the Cell • 1. Robert Hooke – viewed a thin slice of cork with an early compound microscope (1665) • Name them cells because of a monastery’s tiny rooms. 2. Anton van Leeuwenhoek - observed tiny organisms in drops of pond water (1674)

  4. History of the Cell • 3. Matthias Schleiden – Concludes that all plants are made of cells (1838) • 4. Theodor Schwann – Based upon Schleiden’s work, concludes animals are living so all animals are also made up of cells (1839

  5. History of the Cell • 5. Rudolph Virchow – proposes that all cells come from existing cells completing the cell theory (1855) • 6. Lynn Margulis • Endosymbiont Theory – Prokaryotic organisms (mitochondria and chloroplasts) were once free living but began a symbiotic relationship with larger multi-cellular organisms. • Contain their own DNA • Have their own membranes • Reproduce independent of cell

  6. Endosymbiotic Theory • Contain their own DNA • Have their own membranes • Reproduce independent of cell

  7. Studying the Structure and Movement of the Cell • What is a Light microscope? • Advantages/Disadvantages? • What is an Electron microscope? • Advantages/Disadvantages? *** NEW TECHNOLOGY 1990s *** Scanning probe microscope – traces the surface of a sample. • Images of DNA, Protein molecules, and other important biological structures

  8. Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes • Complete the Venn Diagram to compare the characteristics of a prokaryote and a eukaryote.

  9. Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes • Both are living things • Both are surrounded by a cell membrane • Both contain DNA What class of organic molecules is DNA? What is its monomer? 3 Parts? What is the function of DNA?

  10. Prokaryotes • 1. Do not contain a nucleus • 2. Smaller and simpler • 3. DNA is free floating within the cell • 4. Grow, reproduce, respond to environment Some can move or swim • Example: bacteria

  11. Eukaryotes • 1. Contain a nucleus that contains DNA separate from rest of cell • 2. Larger and more complex • 3. Dozens of Highly specialized membranes and structures • 4. Single celled to large complex multi-cellular organisms Examples: Plants, animals, fungi, and algae

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