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The Importance of Mitosis

Explore the importance and stages of mitosis, the process of cell division crucial for growth and healing in the human body. Learn about DNA, chromosomes, the cell cycle, and plant mitosis. Discover how mitosis creates identical cells and how abnormalities like cancer impact the cell cycle.

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The Importance of Mitosis

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  1. The Importance of Mitosis

  2. The need to heal!

  3. The need to grow!

  4. How do cells have the information to reproduce? • DNA • Made of nucleotides • Phosphate • sugar • Nitrogen base • Adenine • Guanine • Cytosine • thymine

  5. DNA in detail • Uncoiled DNA called chromatin looks like spaghetti - between cell divisions • Coiled DNA in the form of an (x) shape is called a chromosome – occurs during cell division

  6. Chromosomes • Chromosome- consists of two identical halves connected together by a centromere • Chromatid- a half of one chromosome.

  7. Chromosomes Centromere Sister chromatids • The chromosomes of a homologous pair • Carry genes for the same characteristics at the same place, or locus

  8. How many chromosomes do we have?? • Each human diploid cell is 2N and contains 46 total • 23 identical pairs ( 23 x 2 = 46 ) “homologous chromosomes” carry the same traits

  9. Cell Cycle • G1 = cell grows • S = DNA replication • G2= Prepare to divide • M= Mitosis INTERPHASE

  10. How we make more identical cells. mitosis

  11. Stages of Mitosis • Interphase • Prophase • Metaphase • Anaphase • Telophase (IPMAT)

  12. Stages of mitosis id: slide #1 Interphase DNA, uncoiled

  13. Stages of mitosis id: slide #2 • Prophase DNA, Coils and nuclear membrane disappears.

  14. Stages of mitosis id: slide #3 • Metaphase DNA lines up in the MIDDLEDNA is coiled in chromosomes

  15. Anaphase Stages of mitosis id: slide #4 DNA Separates It is pulled APART to opposite sides of the cell

  16. Telophase Stages of mitosis id: slide #5 DNA separated and new membrane is forming Cytokinesis 2 Identical cells formed (clones)

  17. Plant Interphase Cell prepares for division by: • replicating DNA and organelles • increasing cell size Plant Interphase

  18. Plant Prophase Cell prepares for nuclear division by: • condensing DNA into movable packages called chromosomes Plant Prophase

  19. Plant Metaphase Cell prepares chromosomes for division by: • aligning chromosomes at cell equator • attaching spindle fibers from each new daughter cell pole to each chromosome at the centromere  Plant Metaphase

  20. Plant Anaphase Chromosomes divide: • spindle fibers pull chromosomes apart • one-half of each chromosome (chromatid) moves to a new daughter cell Plant Anaphase

  21. Plant Telophase Cytoplasm divides: • DNA decondenses and two nuclei form • new cell wall (cell plate) appears between the two nuclei to form two new daughter cells Plant Telophase

  22. Plant Interphase Plant Interphase Cell prepares for division by: • replicating DNA and organelles • increasing cell size

  23. Plant Mitosis Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Interphase

  24. Normal cell cycle (Mitosis) • Happens everywhere in your body when you need a new cell. Heart brain and muscle cells are reproduced more slowly Red blood cells are reproduced fast

  25. Abnormal cell cycle • Cancer= cell cycle is to fast Chemo stops or slows down the cell cycle

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