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Computers in the Learning Environment

Computers in the Learning Environment. Chapter 3 Teaching and Learning With Technology 3e. Chapter 3 Rationale. To overcome teacher reluctance it is best for you, as education students, to become familiar with computers. Computer Basics. No built in predetermined purpose

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Computers in the Learning Environment

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  1. Computers in the Learning Environment Chapter 3 Teaching and Learning With Technology 3e

  2. Chapter 3 Rationale To overcome teacher reluctance it is best for you, as education students, to become familiar with computers.

  3. Computer Basics • No built in predetermined purpose • Computer system = Computer + all components • Memory = temporary storage space • Storage = more permanent storage • Computing Cycle • Take in Data • Process Data • Store Data • Output Results • Hardware = physical, touchable equipment • Software = programs (sets of instructions)

  4. Built-in Software • Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) • Initial instructions • Stored on ROM chips (Read-only memory) • Booting up • Power-on self-test (POST) • Self-diagnostic • Runs after boot • Error message if problem

  5. External Software • Operating Systems • Windows • Macintosh OS • Application Programs • Microsoft Office • Microsoft Works • Clarisworks

  6. Operating Systems • Windows • Macintosh OS • Both Use • Menus • Icons • Windows • Commands – keystroke, menu options, clicking icons • Graphic User Interface (GUI) • Depends on graphics/visuals instead of text

  7. Application Software • Application Programs • Tell computer how to complete tasks • Utility programs for computer operations • Administrative software for word processing, databases, spreadsheets • Academic software for tutorials and encyclopedias • Application Suites (Microsoft Office) • Complete application programs • Integrated Software Packages (Works) • Main features of application programs

  8. Important • You should always be aware of the specifications of your computer. • Software specifications identify the minimum levels of hardware necessary. • Specifications may include • Machine speed • Available memory • Monitor capability • Hard drive space

  9. Hardware (Input Devices) • Input Device • Used to enter data • Peripheral • Device that can be connected to computer • Types of Input Devices • Keyboard • Mouse • Trackball, joystick, touchpad

  10. Hardware (Output Devices) • Output Devices • Move information out of computer • Types of Output Devices • Monitor • Electronic soft copy • Printer • Printed hard copy

  11. Monitors • Resolution • Clarity of images • Measured by number of pixels • Pixel (picture element) – single colored dot • Measured both vertically and horizontally (800x600) • Larger screen size requires higher resolution • LCD (liquid crystal display) – thin monitor • Display temporary soft copy

  12. Printers • Resolution • Dots per inch (dpi) • Hard copy results • Paper • Transparencies • T-shirt transfers • Digital photos • Stickers

  13. System Unit • Central Processing Unit (CPU) • Microprocessor chip • Controls all computer operations • Speeds measured in gigahertz • Operator issues a command • CPU locates program • Loads it into RAM (random-access memory) • Temporary storage during processing • SAVE frequently

  14. Storage • Hard Disks • Floppy Disks • Portable Media • CD-ROMs • CD-Rs and CD-RWs • DVDs

  15. Hard Disks • Hold billions of bytes of data (gigabytes) • Newest trillions of bytes (terabytes) • Byte = one alphabetic or numeric character • Permanently mounted inside machine • Usually C: drive • Back up data as protection against crashes

  16. Relative Sizes of Stored Data

  17. Floppy Disks • Made of flexible Mylar-type material • 1.44 megabytes • Portable file box • Data storage units • File – collection of related data • Folder – digital organizer for related files • Virus danger • Install antivirus programs

  18. Portable Media • Transportable • 100 megabytes to several gigabytes • Ideal for large multimedia files • Flash drive, Thumb drive • Typically plugged into USB port

  19. CD-ROMs • Compact disc-read-only memory • Get information only • No storage capability • Recorded and read by laser beams • 650 megabytes • Programs to install • Large self-contained programs

  20. CD-Rs and CD-RWs • CD-R (compact disc-recordable) • Record data • Once recorded, not changeable • 650 megabytes or 75 minutes audio • CD-RW (compact disc-rewritable) • Record and change stored data • Same capacity as CD-Rs • Good for large multimedia files

  21. DVDs • Digital versatile discs • Can store on both sides in two layers • Store up to 17 gigabytes of data • DVD drives can read • DVDs, CD-ROMs, CD-Rs, CD-RWs and musical CDs • DVD-Rs and DVD+Rs are recordable only • DVD-RWs and DVD+RWs are rewritable

  22. Networking Computers • Switch - offers series of centralized connections • Node – connected workstation or peripheral • Wired • Network cards and cables • Wireless • Wireless cards and wireless channel

  23. Networking Computers • LANs – Local area networks • Connect machines in a classroom/school • WANs – Wide area networks • Connect machines in a school district or all school districts in the state

  24. Using a School Network • Packet – small units of data sent through the network one at a time by the server • Bandwidth – carrying capacity of the transmission media • Privacy and security – logins and passwords, firewalls

  25. Shared Programs • Advantages • Resource sharing • Cost-saving site licenses • Software upgrades for server only • Disadvantages • Problems with server - workstations down • Network or shared programs not accessible

  26. Shared Data • Network server with large storage area • User given small network storage area • Login and password protected • Use on any networked workstation • Access files from any workstation • Disadvantage • Quantity of hard disk storage needed

  27. Shared Administrative Tools • Groupware • Common calendar • Address book • Facilities reservation list • Electronic Mail

  28. Shared Administrative Tools • Monitor student workstations • Take control of student workstations • Broadcast images from one workstation to all others to share student work • Common in lab settings

  29. Shared Hardware • Stand-alone computers each need own printers • Networked computers share single printer

  30. Hardware Evaluation Rubric • Table 3.6 on page 124 • Lists evaluation criteria • Helpful when considering hardware purchases both for yourself and for the classroom • See also Interchapter 3, page 130

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